Obesity is a condition caused by surplus adipose tissue and is a risk factor for several diet-related diseases. Obesity is a global epidemic that has also been challenging to treat effectively. However, one promoted therapy to safely treat obesity is anti-adipogenic therapeutics. Therefore, identifying potent anti-adipogenic bioactive compounds that can safely be used clinically may effectively treat obesity in humans. Mango leaf has potential medicinal properties due to its many bioactive compounds that may enhance human health. Mangiferin (MGF) is a primary constituent in mango plants, with many health-promoting qualities. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of MGF, and tea brewed with mango leaves in cultured adipocytes. The anti-adipogenic efficacy of mango leaf tea (MLT) and MGF in 3T3-L1 cells were assessed, along with cell viability, triglyceride levels, adiponectin secretion, and glucose uptake analyzed. In addition, changes in the mRNA expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism within 3T3-L1 cells were determined using quantitative real-time PCR. Our results showed while both MLT and MGF increased glucose uptake in adipocytes, only MLT appeared to inhibit adipogenesis, as determined by decreased triglyceride accumulation. We also observed increased secretory adiponectin levels, reduced ACC mRNA expression, and increased FOXO1 and ATGL gene expression in 3T3-L1 cells treated with MLT but not MGF. Together, these results suggest that MLT may exhibit anti-adipogenic properties independent of MGF content.

This systematic review and meta-analysis explored efficacy of common spices cardamom, ginger, cumin, curcuminoids and cinnamon on improving serum lipid levels in people with type 2 diabetes. Databases PubMed, FSTA, Web of Science, CINAHEL, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library database of systematic review were searched using keywords (“Serum lipids” OR triglyceride* OR cholesterol* OR “LDL” OR “HDL” OR dyslipidemia) AND (Ginger or zingiber or “zingiber officinale” or “cinnamomum zeylanicum” or “cinnamomum aromaticum” or “cinnamomum cassia” or “cinnamomum verum” or curcumin or turmeric or curcuminoids or “curcuma longa” or langas or “curcuma zedoarias” or turmeric) AND (diabetes* OR “diabetes mellitus” OR “type 2” OR “blood glucose” OR insulin* OR antidiabet* OR "glucose level”) up to January 2020. Statistical calculations used SAS software version 9.2 (SAS, Cary NC, USA). Of 636 studies, 27 met the meta-analysis selection criteria, with 5698 trial participants total. The spices significantly improved TC, TG, and LDL-C, with no significant effect on HDL-C. The reduction in intervention vs. control was: TC, −5.0912 mg/dl, 95% CI (−18.7167, −0.7804), P value 0.038; TG, −9.7486 mg/dl, 95% CI (−33.9445, −5.8260), P value 0.33; LDL-C, −4.653 mg/dl, 95% CI (−8.686, −0.6212), P value 0.02. No significant effect on HDL-C was seen (−0.019 mg/dl, 95% CI (−0.72, 0.68), P = 0.95. Heterogeneity was observed across all 27 studies. Spices examined exhibited a significant reduction in TG, TC and LDL-C levels among patients with type 2 diabetes with no effect on HDL-C levels suggesting a role for spices as a dyslipidemic agent. Clemson University.

The present systematic review and meta-analysis investigates the effectiveness of S. officinalis leaves in management of dyslipidemia of chronic disease. Dyslipidemia is one of the main indicators of cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is typically characterized by elevated levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and triglyceride (TG) along with reduction of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) in blood. The handling of dyslipidemia is a crucial factor in the general control of the cardiovascular risk in individuals suffering from diseases such as diabetes, CVD or hypertension. Plant foods have played an important role in chronic disease management. S. officinalis leaves (sage) have been identified as improving glucose homeostasis and serum lipids in animal and human models. PubMed, FSTA, Web of Science, CINAHEL and MEDLINE databases were searched using keywords (“Serum lipids” OR triglyceride* OR cholesterol* OR “LDL” OR “HDL” OR dyslipidemia) AND (sage or "Salvia officinalis") up to January 2019. Review articles, animal studies, non-trial, non-specific related plants, and articles which did not examine lipid profiles were included in the exclusion criteria. Articles that met the inclusion criteria included effects of administration of Salvia officinalis on serum lipid in clinical trials. All statistical calculations were performed using SAS software version 9.2 (SAS, Cary NC, USA). From 243 studies, four of the trials met the selection criteria of the meta-analysis. Salvia officinalis significantly improved serum lipids. The estimated value for TC was −52.64 mg/dl, 95% CI: −71.0505 to −34.23, P = 0.0001 and LDL −23.28 mg/dl, 95% CI: −40.07 to −6.48, P = 0.006. Moreover, TG was −74.98 mg/dl, 95% CI: −129.16 to −20.8190, P = 0.006 and HDL-C at 6.3424 mg/dl, 95% CI: 1.58 to 11.1033, P = 0.009) was significantly improved after Salvia officinalis administration Although the systematic review and meta-analysis investigation involved few studies it revealed promising efficiency of Salvia officinalis on improving the serum lipids in clinical trials and suggested that Salvia officinalis can be an appropriate plant food to manage dyslipidemia of chronic diseases. N/A.

The study aim was to identify bioactive compounds in mango leaf tea using a new method - UPLC/Q-TOF-MS. Mango leaf tea is a natural product being investigated to manage type 2 diabetes due to its phytochemical properties. Mango tea was extracted using 80% methanol overnight. The extract was analyzed with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight (UPLC-Q-TOF) MS system (Waters Corp., Milford, MA) and injected into an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.7 µm, Waters Corp.). The column was equilibrated with distilled water containing 0.1% formic acid (FA) and eluted by a linear gradient of acetonitrile (ACN) containing 0.1% FA at a flow rate of 0.35 mL/min for 10 min and 40 °C of column temperature. The eluents were analyzed by A Vion IMS Q-TOF MS (Waters Corp.) with positive and negative electrospray ionization (ESI). The scan range of TOF MS data was 50–1500 m/z, the scan time was 0.2 sec, and the capillary and sampling cone voltages were 3 kV and 40 V, respectively. The desolvation flow rate and temperature were 800 L/h and 400 °C, respectively, and the source temperature was 100 °C. Leucine-enkephalin ([M + H] = 556.2771 Da; [M-H] = 554.2615 Da), used as a lack mass, was infused at a flow rate of 0.35 μL/min and a frequency of 10 s to ensure mass measurement accuracy of the metabolites analyzed by the instrument. Mass spectral data were collected from m/z 50 to 1500 with a scan time of 0.2 s. Collision energy was ramped from 10 to 40 eV for the collection of MS/MS data. The metabolites Mangiferin, quercetin/isoquercetin and iriflophenone 3-beta-glucoside were identified using ChemSpider in negative mode while only mangiferin and quercetin were defined in positive mode with different intensites: Mangiferin (421.07), quercetin/isoquercetin (303.05) and irrflophenone 3- beta- glucoside (407.097) that confirmed their molar mass. The UPLC/Q-TOF-MS technique is a practical and novel method for identifying the fragmentation pattern of metabolites in mango leaf tea by measuring accurate mass with excellent resolution and sensitivity. N/A.

A meta-analysis systematic review that investigates the impact of the herbal tea (non-camellia sinensis) on glucose homeostasis and serum lipids in individuals with type 2 diabetes was conducted in response to a growing interest in herbal remedies as a potential alternative source of management of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that has contributed to the US burden of morbidity, disability and mortality with a fast-increasing global trend through the last decades. PubMed, FSTA, Web of Science, CINAHEL and MEDLINE databases were searched using keywords diabetes^* OR “diabetes mellitus” OR “type 2” OR “blood glucose” OR insulin^* OR antidiabet^* OR “glucose level”) AND (“Serum lipids” OR triglyceride^* OR cholesterol^* OR “LDL” OR “HDL” OR dyslipidemia) AND (“non-camellia sinensis” OR tea) up to January 2019. Review articles, animal studies, non-trial, non-herbal tea (green, black and white tea), and articles which did not evaluate glucose homeostasis and lipid profiles were included in the exclusion criteria. Articles that met the inclusion criteria included herbal tea administration effects on glucose homeostasis and serum lipids in clinical trials. All statistical calculations were performed using SAS software version 9.2 (SAS, Cary NC, USA). From 265 studies eight trials were included in the meta-analysis of glycemic and serum lipid profile end points. According to meta-analysis outputs, the estimated value for pooled fasting blood glucose (FBG) was −6.17 mg/dl, 95% CI: −19.96 to 7.6054, p value = 0.37; HbA1c (2.70, 95% CI: −1.1 to 6.5, p = 0.1), total-cholesterol (TC) (−10.896 mg/dl, 95% CI: −65.68 to 43.88, p = 0.69), LDL-cholesterol (LDL) (−8.57 mg/dl, 95% CI: −22.42 to 5.27, p = 0.22). The overall effects for triglyceride (TG) (−24.18 mg/dl, 95% CI: −42.69 to −5.68, p = 0.01) was significantly reduced by tea administration and HDL-cholesterol (HDL) (2.823 mg/dl, 95% CI: 9.7866 to 15.433 p = 0.05) significantly increased in the meta-analysis study. The systematic review and meta-analysis supports a significant effect of herbal tea on triglyceride levels and HDL levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Additional clinical trials with a larger number of participants are needed as the number of studies is limited. N/A.