Wind energy resource is an important support for the sustainable development of Antarctica. The evaluation of wind energy potential determines the feasibility and economy of wind power generation in Antarctica, among which mastering the variation rule of wind energy resource is the key to realizing the effective utilization of polar wind energy. Based on the 6-h ERA-5 reanalysis data of ECMWF from January 1981 to December 2020, this paper systematically analyzed the long-term variation trend of Antarctic wind energy resource by using the climate statistical analysis method and the least square fitting, with the comprehensive consideration of a series of key indicators such as Wind Power Density, Effective Wind Speed Occurrence, Energy Level Occurrence, and Stability. The results show that it indicates a positive trend for wind power density (0.5~2 W × m⁻² × a⁻¹), effective wind speed occurrence (2~3%/a), energy level occurrence (0.1~0.2%/a), and coefficient of variation (−0.005/a) in the South Pole—Kunlun station and the central region of Queen Maud land. The westerly belt exhibits a decreasing index (−0.5%/a) in terms of stability trend, indicating a positive potential. Kemp Land, the Ross Island—Balleny Islands waters show shortages in all indicators. The wind power density in the Antarctic region is stronger in spring and summer than in autumn and winter, with the weakest in autumn. Based on the above indicators, the variation trend in the East Antarctic coast, Wilhelm II Land—Wilkes Land, the South Pole—Kunlun station, and the westerlies is generally superior.

Guided by entering the deep sea and achieving deep marine development in marine construction, the factors hindering marine construction cannot be ignored. Strong ocean winds have a devastating impact on tasks such as ship navigation, carrier aircraft take-off and landing, naval operations and military exercises, and affect the planning of sea routes and the development of the long-distance sea. This paper uses ERA5 wind field data and key climate indices to conduct a systematic analysis of catastrophic winds in the global ocean using methods such as climate statistical analysis, the Theil–Sen trend method, Pearson correlation and contribution rate calculation. It points out the spatiotemporal distribution, variation trend, climate index correlation and contribution rate characteristics of strong winds occurrence (SWO) and hopes that the results of this study can serve as a guide for maritime route planning and provide technical assistance and decision-making support for marine development and other needs. The results show the following: The high global SWO occurs in the Southern Ocean, the North Atlantic, the North Pacific, near Taiwan, China, the Arabian Sea and other locations, with the strongest SWO in summer. The growth trend of SWO in the Southern Ocean is strongest, with decreasing regions near the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, and the growth trend is reflected in all four seasons. The climate indices with the strongest correlation and highest contribution to the global SWO are AAO (Antarctic Oscillation) and EP–NP (East Pacific–North Pacific pattern) with a correlation between −0.5 and 0.5 and a contribution rate of up to −50%~50%.