Sonar serves as a critical submarine detection apparatus for naval vessels, with its detection range forming the foundation of its overall performance in underwater surveillance. The Luzon Strait, in the eastern part of the South China Sea, presents a complex hydrographic setting that profoundly influences sonar performance, necessitating mastery of the detection range variation for enhanced anti-submarine operational efficiency. This study employs the Bellhop acoustic propagation model to estimate the transmission loss. Subsequently, a detection probability integration approach is applied to determine the sonar detection range in the Luzon Strait from 2019 to 2023, which is then subjected to statistical analysis. The findings indicate the following. (1) During the summer and autumn, the shallow mixed layer fails to generate a surface duct, resulting in shorter detection ranges that are primarily dependent on the water depth. In the Shallow Water Zone (<150 m), frequent interactions between sound waves and the sea boundaries lead to considerable acoustic energy attenuation, maintaining a short detection range. In the Intermediate Depth Zone (150–2500 m), sound rays retain adequate energy post-seabed reflection, extending the sonar detection to 5–8 km. Beyond 2500 m, the diminishing reflective energy restricts the range to 2–5 km. (2) Conversely, in the winter and spring, the formation of a surface duct becomes the predominant determinant of the detection range, capable of exceeding 10 km, overshadowing the influence of the water depth.

The harsh scientific research environment of Antarctic stations demands a reliable energy supply; however, traditional methods not only pose a challenge in supply but also harm the environment. Antarctic energy supply has become a new choice for energy development in Antarctica due to its abundant wind energy resources. Using ERA5 10 m wind field reanalysis data, we compared and analyzed the correlation (r) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) between some observation stations and reanalysis data, with correlations above 0.67 and root mean square error below 2.3. This indicates that the accuracy of the ERA5 data is suitable for resource assessment at stations in Antarctica. We assessed the wind energy potential of the Great Wall, Zhongshan, Kunlun and Taishan Stations. The results show that the annual distribution and long-term trend of wind energy at Taishan Station are the best, followed by the Great Wall, Zhongshan and Kunlun Stations. Taishan Station has stable wind direction and abundant wind energy, the average wind power density is 800 W/m², with an annual growth trend of 2.02 W/m²·yr⁻¹. The effective wind speed occurrence and energy level occurrence are generally above 90% and the coefficient of variation is generally below 0.8. The dominant direction of wind energy is northeast and the wind direction is stable, which is conducive to the development and utilization of wind energy.

Wind energy resource is an important support for the sustainable development of Antarctica. The evaluation of wind energy potential determines the feasibility and economy of wind power generation in Antarctica, among which mastering the variation rule of wind energy resource is the key to realizing the effective utilization of polar wind energy. Based on the 6-h ERA-5 reanalysis data of ECMWF from January 1981 to December 2020, this paper systematically analyzed the long-term variation trend of Antarctic wind energy resource by using the climate statistical analysis method and the least square fitting, with the comprehensive consideration of a series of key indicators such as Wind Power Density, Effective Wind Speed Occurrence, Energy Level Occurrence, and Stability. The results show that it indicates a positive trend for wind power density (0.5~2 W × m⁻² × a⁻¹), effective wind speed occurrence (2~3%/a), energy level occurrence (0.1~0.2%/a), and coefficient of variation (−0.005/a) in the South Pole—Kunlun station and the central region of Queen Maud land. The westerly belt exhibits a decreasing index (−0.5%/a) in terms of stability trend, indicating a positive potential. Kemp Land, the Ross Island—Balleny Islands waters show shortages in all indicators. The wind power density in the Antarctic region is stronger in spring and summer than in autumn and winter, with the weakest in autumn. Based on the above indicators, the variation trend in the East Antarctic coast, Wilhelm II Land—Wilkes Land, the South Pole—Kunlun station, and the westerlies is generally superior.