The pulse-with modulated (PWM) dc-dc buck-boost converter is a non-minimum phase system, which requires a proper control scheme to improve the transient response and provide constant output voltage during line and load variations. The pole placement technique has been proposed in the literature to control this type of power converter and achieve the desired response. However, the systematic design procedure of such control law using a low-cost electronic circuit has not been discussed. In this paper, the pole placement via state-feedback with an integral control scheme of inverting the PWM dc-dc buck-boost converter is introduced. The control law is developed based on the linearized power converter model in continuous conduction mode. A detailed design procedure is given to represent the control equation using a simple electronic circuit that is suitable for low-cost commercial applications. The mathematical model of the closed-loop power converter circuit is built and simulated using SIMULINK and Simscape Electrical in MATLAB. The closed-loop dc-dc buck-boost converter is tested under various operating conditions. It is confirmed that the proposed control scheme improves the power converter dynamics, tracks the reference signal, and maintains regulated output voltage during abrupt changes in input voltage and load current. The simulation results show that the line variation of 5 V and load variation of 2 A around the nominal operating point are rejected with a maximum percentage overshoot of 3.5% and a settling time of 5.5 ms.

In this paper, the nonlinear model of the bridgeless single-switch ac-dc single-ended primary-inductor converter (SEPIC) in discontinuous conduction mode is derived. In addition, a robust control method is introduced to accommodate the variations in input voltage and load current. The current-mode controlled power converter is designed to operate in buck and boost modes. The proposed closed-loop SEPIC converter is simulated in MATLAB to validate the design approach. The current-mode control scheme is also compared with the conventional voltage-mode controller. It is confirmed that the proposed control scheme exhibits precise tracking performance and enhanced transient response under large disturbances.

Introduction: The rapid growth of electric vehicles (EVs) has created significant challenges for the modernization of power systems, particularly in energy management, grid stability, and infrastructure readiness. Methods: This article presents a sophisticated energy management system (EMS) intended for a photovoltaic (PV)-battery-electric vehicle (EV) charging station, employing a hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization-Salp Swarm Algorithm (PSO-SSA). It depicts a complex setup that combines PV electricity production, battery storage, EV charging demand, and building consumption under actual operating conditions. The suggested method focuses on improving battery operational behavior (stress, peak power, and smoothness) while maintaining acceptable system reliability. The proposed algorithm aims to enhance the balance between exploration and exploitation, thus allowing for more effective power load coordination. The proposed EMS is evaluated under deterministic operating conditions, and the simulation results are obtained via MATLAB software. Results: The simulation results show that the hybrid PSO-SSA improves battery operation considerably, while full PV utilization (100%) and reliability are kept at the same level. The proposed PSOSSA method reduces battery throughput by 3% and peak discharge power by 29% compared to the baseline strategy. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that the proposed hybrid PSO-SSA is a robust and effective optimization technique for PV-powered EV charging systems, particularly by mitigating battery degradation and improving long-term operational efficiency.

The Cuk converter is widely used in power electronics due to its ability to provide both step-up and step-down voltage conversion with low ripple characteristics. However, conventional designs suffer from increased component count, higher losses, and significant voltage stress on switching devices. In this paper, an improved single-switch bridgeless AC-DC Ćuk converter is proposed for power factor correction (PFC) and loss reduction. The proposed topology employs a two-stage integrated structure with two low-value coupling capacitors (1 µF each). These capacitors effectively reduce voltage stress across the main switch and enhance switching performance. The operating principles of the proposed converter are analyzed under different switching conditions, highlighting its improved dynamic behavior and reduced component stress. Simulations using MATLAB/Simulink show that the proposed design achieves high efficiency, very low output voltage ripple (less than 1%), and a near-unity power factor of 0.9988. This performance, particularly the fast dynamic response, was achieved using a specially designed proportional-integral (PI) controller for output voltage regulation. The converter demonstrates fast dynamic response with a settling time of less than 0.23 s and a maximum overshoot of 7.5% under sudden load and input variations. Compared to conventional two-switch topologies, the proposed design significantly reduces switch voltage stress while maintaining a simpler structure, leading to lower cost and compact size. These results confirm that the proposed converter is a promising solution for high power quality applications.