Zinc oxide (ZnO), a cheap, abundant, biocompatible, and wide band gap semiconductor material with easy tunable morphologies and properties, makes it one of the mostly studied metal oxides in the area of materials science, physics, chemistry, biochemistry, and solid-state electronics. Its versatility, easy bandgap engineering with transitional and rare earth metals, as well as the diverse nanomorphology empower ZnO as a promising photocatalyst. The use of ZnO as a functional material is attracting increased attention both for academia and industry, especially under the current energy paradigm shift toward clean and renewable sources. Extensive work has been performed in recent years using ZnO as an active component for different photocatalytic applications. Therefore, a thorough and timely review of the process is necessary. The aim of this review is to provide a general summary of the current state of ZnO nanostructures, synthesis strategies, and modification approaches, with the main application focus on varied photocatalysis applications, serving as an introduction, a reference, and an inspiration for future research.

The sustainable consumption trend is gaining popularity among Gen Z. Guided by the environmental awareness construct, Norm Activation Model, corporate social responsibility paradigm, and shopping value perspective, this study aims to assess how environmental awareness is connected to consumer evaluations of their personal consumption behavior and corporate social responsibility to help explain their sustainable apparel purchase intention, in conjunction with consumer shopping motivation. An online survey was conducted with a group of Gen Z consumers (N = 192). The results from testing the conceptual model indicated that environmental awareness was positively linked to personal norms and CSR expectations, both of which were similarly related to green purchase intentions. While hedonic and utilitarian shopping value was positively associated with CSR expectations, they were both negative predictors of green purchase intentions. This study is the first to integrate environmental ethics, personal ethics, expectations of corporate ethics, and hedonic vs. utilitarian consumption value to better understand the attitude–behavior gap in sustainable apparel purchase decision-making.

Zinc oxide (ZnO), a cheap, abundant, biocompatible, and wide band gap semiconductor material with easy tunable morphologies and properties, makes it one of the mostly studied metal oxides in the area of materials science, physics, chemistry, biochemistry, and solid-state electronics. Its versatility, easy bandgap engineering with transitional and rare earth metals, as well as the diverse nanomorphology empower ZnO as a promising photocatalyst. The use of ZnO as a functional material is attracting increased attention both for academia and industry, especially under the current energy paradigm shift towards clean and renewable sources. Extensive work has been performed in recent years using ZnO as an active component for different photocatalytic applications. Therefore, a thorough and timely review of the process is necessary. The aim of this review is to provide a general summary of the current state of ZnO nanostructures, synthesis strategies, and modification approaches, with the main application focus on varied photocatalysis applications, serving as an introduction, a reference, and an inspiration for future research.

The current study fills several research gaps by conducting a meta-analysis to evaluate (1) how overall influencer source credibility and its dimensions (expertise, trustworthiness, and attractiveness) impact purchase intention and (2) the moderating role of influencer type (virtual vs. human) and cultural orientation (individualistic vs. collectivistic) between influencer credibility and purchase intention. Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, Google Scholar, and other academic sources were searched, most recently in July 2026. Eligible studies were English-language, peer-reviewed quantitative investigations published between January 2018 and July 2026 that reported sufficient statistics for effect-size estimation. Random-effects meta-analysis and mixed-effects meta-regression were conducted on 50 studies with 17,642 participants, contributing a total of 117 effect sizes. Positive pooled associations were found for overall credibility (r = 0.38, 95% CI [0.30, 0.47]), expertise (r = 0.38, 95% CI [0.28, 0.47]), trustworthiness (r = 0.30, 95% CI [0.23, 0.37]), and attractiveness (r = 0.26, 95% CI [0.19, 0.32]). Moderator analysis revealed that influencers’ overall-credibility association was stronger for virtual (r = 0.52) than human influencers (r = 0.32), whereas the trustworthiness association was stronger in individualistic (r = 0.42) than collectivistic cultures (r = 0.25). Substantial between-study heterogeneity and the absence of a formal study-level risk-of-bias assessment warrant caution. The findings support the relevance of Source Credibility Theory to influencer marketing while highlighting contextual differences in association with purchase intention. This study received no external funding and was not registered.