Nonlinear optics has undergone dramatic developments in the past 60 years, which has revolutionized the photonic and optoelectronic fields with many essential applications such as electro-optic switching, frequency mixing, optical parametric oscillation, optical phase conjugation, and so forth. As one of the new and promising candidates for both next-generation photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices, halide perovskite semiconductors have attracted extensive research attention because of their excellent electrical and optical properties demonstrated in the linear optical regime. In the past five years, halide perovskites have become a new research frontier of nonlinear optical materials because their highly tunable chemical components and multiple structures provide a variety of outstanding nonlinear optical properties, which support a broad scope of nonlinear optical applications. In this review, we have summarized the nonlinear optical properties of halide perovskites categorized according to the second-, third-, and high-order processes. Aside from the more conventional nonlinear effects, such as sum and difference frequency generation, this review also pays attention to the lesser known but important nonlinear phenomena, such as linear and circular photogalvanic effects, the high-order shift current effect, and the multi-photon pumped photoluminescence. We have also reviewed and summarized the nonlinear applications of halide perovskites, including multi-photon pumped photoluminescence imaging, multi-photon pumped amplified spontaneous emission and lasing, sub-bandgap and self-powered photodetection, all-optical and electro-optic modulation, saturable absorption, optical limiting, and so on. It is our belief that halide perovskites have proven to be excellent candidates for promoting the upgrading and updating of nonlinear optical devices with greatly improved performance and novel functionalities.

Large‐scale multi‐heterostructure and optimal band alignment are significantly challenging but vital for photoelectrochemical (PEC)‐type photodetector and water splitting. Herein, the centimeter‐scale bismuth chalcogenides‐based cascade heterostructure is successfully synthesized by a sequential vapor phase deposition method. The multi‐staggered band alignment of Bi₂Te₃/Bi₂Se₃/Bi₂S₃ is optimized and verified by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The PEC photodetectors based on these cascade heterostructures demonstrate the highest photoresponsivity (103 mA W⁻¹ at −0.1 V and 3.5 mAW⁻¹ at 0 V under 475 nm light excitation) among the previous reports based on two‐dimensional materials and related heterostructures. Furthermore, the photodetectors display a fast response (≈8 ms), a high detectivity (8.96 × 10⁹ Jones), a high external quantum efficiency (26.17%), and a high incident photon‐to‐current efficiency (27.04%) at 475 nm. Due to the rapid charge transport and efficient light absorption, the Bi₂Te₃/Bi₂Se₃/Bi₂S₃ cascade heterostructure demonstrates a highly efficient hydrogen production rate (≈0.416 mmol cm⁻² h⁻¹ and ≈14.320 µmol cm⁻² h⁻¹ with or without sacrificial agent, respectively), which is far superior to those of pure bismuth chalcogenides and its type‐II heterostructures. The large‐scale cascade heterostructure offers an innovative method to improve the performance of optoelectronic devices in the future.

An antibody modified terahertz (THz) metamaterial biosensor is proposed to detect the concentration of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The biosensor has four metal split-ring-resonators (SRR) in a unit cell. The finite integration time domain (FITD) method is used to design and optimize the structure. The simulation shows that the biosensor is insensitive to incident angles and the sensitivity reaches to 76.5 GHz/RIU (Refractive Index Unit). The sample is manufactured using a surface micromachining process and characterized by a THz time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) system. The experimental results indicate that the resonant frequency of the biosensor decreases with the increase of the concentration of analytes on the surface. After that, the biosensor is modified with anti-CEA and used to detect the concentration of the CEA. Interestingly, the response of the biosensor depends heavily on the concentration of the Anti-CEA modified on the surface of the biosensor. When the concentration of Anti-CEA is 20 ng/ml, the resonant frequency shift shows good linearity to the concentration of CEA and the limit of detection (LOD) reaches to 0.1 ng/ml. This study paves a new way for sensitively detection of biomolecules, cancer biomarkers and immune responses, which is important for early stage diagnosis of cancers.