Iain Crowe

Dr. Iain Crowe


Research Focus & Metrics

Academic Career Length

19Years (2008-Present)

(Calculated once Scilit publication data is synced: current year − year of first publication + 1)

Representative Publications

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23 November 2015 in Chemical Science
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MGMatthew Gregson
Matthew Gregson
NCNicholas F. Chilton
Nicholas F. Chilton
AAAna-Maria Ariciu
Ana-Maria Ariciu
Floriana TunaFloriana Tuna
Floriana Tuna
ICIain Crowe
Iain Crowe
Stephen LiddleStephen Liddle
Stephen Liddle

We report a dysprosium(III) bis(methanediide) single molecule magnet (SMM) where stabilisation of the highly magnetic states and suppression of mixing of opposite magnetic projections is imposed by a linear arrangement of negatively-charged donor atoms supported by weak neutral donors. Treatment of [Ln(BIPMTMS)(BIPMTMSH)] [Ln = Dy, 1Dy; Y, 1Y; BIPMTMS = {C(PPh2NSiMe3)2}2−; BIPMTMSH = {HC(PPh2NSiMe3)2}−] with benzyl potassium/18-crown-6 ether (18C6) in THF afforded [Ln(BIPMTMS)2][K(18C6)(THF)2] [Ln = Dy, 2Dy; Y, 2Y]. AC magnetic measurements of 2Dy in zero DC field show temperature- and frequency-dependent SMM behaviour. Orbach relaxation dominates at high temperature, but at lower temperatures a second-order Raman process dominates. Complex 2Dy exhibits two thermally activated energy barriers (Ueff) of 721 and 813 K, the largest Ueff values for any monometallic dysprosium(III) complex. Dilution experiments confirm the molecular origin of this phenomenon. Complex 2Dy has rich magnetic dynamics; field-cooled (FC)/zero-field cooled (ZFC) susceptibility measurements show a clear divergence at 16 K, meaning the magnetic observables are out-of-equilibrium below this temperature, however the maximum in ZFC, which conventionally defines the blocking temperature, TB, is found at 10 K. Magnetic hysteresis is also observed in 10% 2Dy@2Y at these temperatures. Ab initio calculations suggest the lowest three Kramers doublets of the ground 6H15/2 multiplet of 2Dy are essentially pure, well-isolated |±15/2〉, |±13/2〉 and |±11/2〉 states quantised along the C[double bond, length as m-dash]Dy[double bond, length as m-dash]C axis. Thermal relaxation occurs via the 4th and 5th doublets, verified experimentally for the first time, and calculated Ueff values of 742 and 810 K compare very well to experimental magnetism and luminescence data. This work validates a design strategy towards realising high-temperature SMMs and produces unusual spin relaxation behaviour where the magnetic observables are out-of-equilibrium some 6 K above the formal blocking temperature.


23 May 2016 in Inorganic Chemistry
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Conrad Alexander Phillip GoodwinConrad Alexander Phillip Goodwin
Conrad Alexander Phillip Goodwin
NCNicholas F. Chilton
Nicholas F. Chilton
GVGianni F. Vettese
Gianni F. Vettese
EPEufemio Moreno Pineda
Eufemio Moreno Pineda
ICIain Crowe
Iain Crowe
David K. MillsDavid K. Mills
David K. Mills
Following our report of the first near-linear lanthanide (Ln) complex, [Sm(N††)2] (1), herein we present the synthesis of [Ln(N††)2] [N†† = {N(SiiPr3)2}; Ln = Eu (2), Tm (3), Yb (4)], thus achieving approximate uniaxial geometries for a series of “traditional” LnII ions. Experimental evidence, together with calculations performed on a model of 4, indicates that dispersion forces are important for stabilization of the near-linear geometries of 1–4. The isolation of 3 under a dinitrogen atmosphere is noteworthy, given that “[Tm(N″)(μ-N″)]2” (N″ = {N(SiMe3)2}) has not previously been structurally authenticated and reacts rapidly with N2(g) to give [{Tm(N″)2}2(μ-η2:η2-N2)]. Complexes 1–4 have been characterized as appropriate by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, magnetic measurements, electrochemistry, multinuclear NMR, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and electronic spectroscopy, along with computational methods for 3 and 4. The remarkable geometries of monomeric 1–4 lead to interesting physical properties, which complement and contrast with comparatively well understood dimeric [Ln(N″)(μ-N″)]2 complexes. EPR spectroscopy of 3 shows that the near-linear geometry stabilizes mJ states with oblate spheroid electron density distributions, validating our previous suggestions. Cyclic voltammetry experiments carried out on 1–4 did not yield LnII reduction potentials, so a reactivity study of 1 was performed with selected substrates in order to benchmark the SmIII → SmII couple. The separate reactions of 1 with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO), azobenzene, and benzophenone gave crystals of [Sm(N††)2(TEMPO)] (5), [Sm(N††)2(N2Ph2)] (6), and [Sm(N††){μ-OPhC(C6H5)CPh2O-κO,O′}]2 (7), respectively. The isolation of 5–7 shows that the SmII center in 1 is still accessible despite having two bulky N†† moieties and that the N-donor atoms are able to deviate further from linearity or ligand scrambling occurs in order to accommodate another ligand in the SmIII coordination spheres of the products.

8 August 2015 in ACS Nano
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DSDean Smith
Dean Smith
RHRoss T. Howie
Ross T. Howie
ICIain Crowe
Iain Crowe
CSCristina L. Simionescu
Cristina L. Simionescu
CMChris Muryn
Chris Muryn
JPJohn E. Proctor
John E. Proctor

15 April 2011 in Journal of Applied Physics
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ICIain Crowe
Iain Crowe
MHMatthew Halsall
Matthew Halsall
OHOksana Hulko
Oksana Hulko
AKAndrew P. Knights
Andrew P. Knights
RGRussell M. Gwilliam
Russell M. Gwilliam
AKAnthony J. Kenyon
Anthony J. Kenyon
We validate for the first time the phenomenological phonon confinement model (PCM) of H. Richter, Z. P. Wang, and L. Ley [Solid State Commun. 39, 625 (1981)] for silicon nanostructures on the sub-3 nm length scale. By invoking a PCM that incorporates the measured size distribution, as determined from cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (X-TEM) images, we are able to accurately replicate the measured Raman line shape, which gives physical meaning to its evolution with high temperature annealing and removes the uncertainty in determining the confining length scale. The ability of our model to explain the presence of a background scattering spectrum implies the existence of a secondary population of extremely small (sub-nm), amorphous silicon nanoclusters which are not visible in the X-TEM images. Furthermore, the inclusion of an additional fitting parameter, which takes into account the observed peak shift, can be explained by a size-dependent interfacial stress that is minimized by the nanocluster/crystal growth. From this we obtain incidental, yet accurate estimates for the silicon surface energy and a Tolman length, δ ≈ 0.15 ± 0.1 nm using the Laplace-Young relation.

11 October 2019 in The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
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JPJohn E. Proctor
John E. Proctor
CPCiprian G. Pruteanu
Ciprian G. Pruteanu
IMIan Morrison
Ian Morrison
ICIain Crowe
Iain Crowe
JLJohn Loveday
John Loveday

14 May 2019 in Journal of Applied Physics
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MVMichelle Vaqueiro-Contreras
Michelle Vaqueiro-Contreras
VMVladimir P. Markevich
Vladimir P. Markevich
JCJosé Coutinho
José Coutinho
PSPaulo Santos
Paulo Santos
ICIain Crowe
Iain Crowe
APAnthony R. Peaker
Anthony R. Peaker
Silicon solar cells containing boron and oxygen are one of the most rapidly growing forms of electricity generation. However, they suffer from significant degradation during the initial stages of use. This problem has been studied for 40 years resulting in over 250 research publications. Despite this, there is no consensus regarding the microscopic nature of the defect reactions responsible. In this paper, we present compelling evidence of the mechanism of degradation. We observe, using deep level transient spectroscopy and photoluminescence, under the action of light or injected carriers, the conversion of a deep boron-di-oxygen-related donor state into a shallow acceptor which correlates with the change in the lifetime of minority carriers in the silicon. Using ab initio modeling, we propose structures of the BsO2 defect which match the experimental findings. We put forward the hypothesis that the dominant recombination process associated with the degradation is trap-assisted Auger recombination. This assignment is supported by the observation of above bandgap luminescence due to hot carriers resulting from the Auger process.