In summertime, eastern China experiences severe ozone pollution. Stratosphere-to-troposphere transport (STT), as the primary natural source of tropospheric ozone, may have a non-negligible contribution to ground-level ozone. Rossby wave breaking (RWB) is a leading mechanism that triggers STT, which can be categorized as anticyclonic wave breakings (AWBs) and cyclonic wave breakings (CWBs). This study uses an objective method to diagnose AWBs and CWBs and to investigate their influence on the surface ozone in eastern China using ground-based ozone observations, satellite ozone data from AIRS, a stratospheric ozone tracer simulated by CAM-chem, and meteorological fields from MERRA-2. The results indicate that AWBs occur mainly and frequently over northeast China, while CWBs occur mostly over the northern Sea of Japan. STTs triggered by AWBs mainly have sinking areas over the North China Plain, increasing the ground-level ozone concentrations by 5–10 ppbv in eastern China. The downwelling zones in the CWBs extend from Mongolia to the East China Sea, potentially causing an elevation of 5–10 ppbv of ozone in both central and eastern China. This study gives an overview of the impacts of AWBs and CWBs on surface ozone in eastern China and helps to improve our understanding of summertime ozone pollution in eastern China.