Road infrastructure is a key public asset because it benefits the social and economic development of any country. It plays an important role in the development of the industrial complex and the production sector, and the surfaces of transport roads should be of high quality and have a long service life. Road infrastructure, like all infrastructure, requires preservation, maintenance and repair. There are special requirements for roadways that must be observed during construction or repair. The uncertainty of the composition, temperature sensitivity and viscoelastic characteristics of road materials make the structural analysis of pavement very difficult compared to other civil structures, such as bridges, tunnels and buildings. For this reason, the question of how to improve fiber sensors based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) arose. The novelty of this study is to modernize fiber sensors based on FBG so that they display deformation, stress and displacement, temperature and other parameters with much greater accuracy, which would provide a reliable scientific basis for modifying the theory, as well as the use of a fiber sensor based on FBG for simultaneous measurement of deformation and temperature when monitoring the road surface. This article is devoted to a detailed study of the use of fiber-optic sensors (FOS) based on fiber Bragg grating for road surface monitoring. Such a fiber sensor, consisting of a fiber Bragg grating and a pair of grids, can offer the possibility of simultaneous measurement of deformation and temperature for monitoring the pavement. Temperature and deformation measurements were carried out by installing a sensor on the surface of a made asphalt sample. The built-in fiber sensor based on FBG provides important information about how the pavement structure can withstand the load and subsidence of soil and implement road safety and stability measures in a timely manner to evaluate and predict the service life of the pavement. The results of the study showed that the synchronicity, repeatability and linearity of the characteristics of the fiber sensor are excellent. The difference between the experimental and theoretical results was about 7%. Thus, based on the results of the obtained data, the fiber sensor on the FBG can be used for monitoring and designing road surfaces and in general transport infrastructure.

Road infrastructure is a key public asset because it benefits the social and economic development of any country. It plays an important role for the development of the industrial complex, the production sector and the road surfaces of transport roads should be of high quality, have a long service life. Road infrastructure, as well as all infrastructure, requires preservation, maintenance and repair. There are special requirements for the roadway that must be observed during construction or repair. This article is devoted to a detailed study of the use of fiber optics sensors (FOS) based on the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) for road surface monitoring. Such a fiber sensor consisting of a fiber Bragg grid and a pair of grids can offer the possibility of simultaneous measurement of deformation and temperature for monitoring the pavement. Temperature and deformation measurements were carried out by installing a sensor on the surface of a made asphalt sample. The built-in fiber sensor based on FBG provides important information about how the pavement structure can withstand the load, subsidence of soil, timely implement road safety and stability measures evaluate and predict the service life of the pavement. The results of the study showed that the synchronicity, repeatability and linearity of the characteristics of the fiber sensor are excellent. The difference between the experimental and theoretical results is about 7%. Thus, based on the results of the obtained data, the fiber sensor on the FBG can be used for monitoring, designing road surfaces and in general transport infrastructure.

In this paper, the types and principles of operation of fiber sensors based on fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) are investigated. The influence of strain and temperature on the characteristics of FBGs is considered, and a method for the simultaneous measurement of these parameters is presented. Laboratory studies were carried out in the temperature range from +18 °C to +135 °C with an incremental step of 5 °C, with the actual temperature not deviating by more than ±0.5 °C. From the data obtained, the Bragg wavelength–temperature relationships were plotted, which showed a linear increase in wavelength with increasing temperature. This study shows that the use of two FBGs with a different sensitivity to temperature and strain allowed for the simultaneous measurement of both parameters. Numerical models created in the MATLAB R2022b environment confirmed the high accuracy and precision of the measurements. The FBG-based sensors demonstrated a robust performance in harsh environments, withstanding temperatures of up to 160 °C and high humidity, making them applicable in various industries and sciences. This work confirms that FBGs are a promising tool for accurate temperature and strain measurements, providing reliable results in harsh environments.

Соңғы уақытта бақылау жүйелеріндегі талшықты-оптикалық технологиялар электромагниттік кедергілерге, коррозияға, шағын көлем мен салмаққа және төзімділік сияқты бірқатар артықшылықтарға ие бола отырып, маңызды рөл атқарады. Көпірлер, ғимараттар, туннельдер, құбырлар, теміржол инфрақұрылымы және тағы басқа құрылымдарды үздіксіз өлшеу және нақты уақыт режимінде бағалау үшін талшықты-оптикалық сенсорларға негізделген көптеген бақылау жүйелері жасалды. Бұл мақалада жол жабынын бақылау үшін талшықты датчиктерді қолдануды қарастырамыз. Талшықты Брэгг торына негізделген талшықты-оптикалық датчиктер әртүрлі жағдайларда жол жабындарын тиімді және ұзақ мерзімді бақылаудың болашағы зор құралы болып табылады және механикалық қасиеттері мен жол жабындыларын зақымдануын болжау үшін үлкен сұранысқа ие.

In the development of an intelligent control system for basic production in the food and chemical industry, it is necessary to build an integrated and robotic control system that allows you to effectively optimize, computerize the food industry and transform food products into a clean ecological product. The main task of managing such an intelligent system is artificial intelligence, which can significantly improve packaging, increase shelf life, combine the cycle using algorithms and improve food safety by making a more transparent management system. The novelty of the article lies in the development of an intelligent process control system based on a mathematical and integrated model that allows you to calculate temperature, humidity, amount of pesticides and filter out substandard primary product at the stage of purification and dehumidification due to the intelligent NGS system. The experiments were carried out on the TIA Portal V14 software on a stand in the laboratory. The process of dehumidification and filtration of the intelligent system was also implemented on a stand in a laboratory chamber that could measure temperature and relative humidity. The measurement of the temperature inside the product and the change in humidity after filtration were recorded during the experiment. A system was created on the basis of experimental data of a mathematical model and a computer system that allows calculating humidity parameters and in time to exert a regulatory influence on one of the control channels and thus optimize the process parameters.

Автоматты басқару жүйесі синтезінің негізгі кезеңі басқару объектісін сәйкестендіру болып табылады. Басқару объектілерінің сипаттайтын аналитикалық және эксперименттік анықтау әдістері белгілі. Өзара байланысты параметрлердің алуан түрлілігімен сипатталатын қазіргі заманғы күрделі автоматтандыру объектілерін сәйкестендіру үшін аналитикалық әдістерді қолдану айтарлықтай дәрежеде қиын. Сипаттамаларды анықтаудың белгілі эксперименталды әдістері объектінің кіруіне типтік әсерлерді (сатылы, гармоникалық және т.б.) берумен байланысты. Соңғы жылдары күрделі көп байланысқан басқару объектілерін сәйкестендіру үшін зерттеудің статистикалық әдістері кеңінен таралған. Сонымен, сәйкестендіру дербес міндет болып табылмайды, ол басқару мақсаттарына бағынады және басқару міндетінің құрамдас бөлігі болып табылады. Алайда, сәйкестендіру жиі дербес мақсат ретінде ұсынылады – таза әдіснамалық пайымдаулардан, өйткені модельдерді синтездеу әдістері басқару синтезінің әдістерінен айтарлықтай ерекшеленеді. Бұл жағдай басқару теориясының жеке бөлімін сәйкестендіруге мүмкіндік берді.