Road infrastructure is a key public asset because it benefits the social and economic development of any country. It plays an important role in the development of the industrial complex and the production sector, and the surfaces of transport roads should be of high quality and have a long service life. Road infrastructure, like all infrastructure, requires preservation, maintenance and repair. There are special requirements for roadways that must be observed during construction or repair. The uncertainty of the composition, temperature sensitivity and viscoelastic characteristics of road materials make the structural analysis of pavement very difficult compared to other civil structures, such as bridges, tunnels and buildings. For this reason, the question of how to improve fiber sensors based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) arose. The novelty of this study is to modernize fiber sensors based on FBG so that they display deformation, stress and displacement, temperature and other parameters with much greater accuracy, which would provide a reliable scientific basis for modifying the theory, as well as the use of a fiber sensor based on FBG for simultaneous measurement of deformation and temperature when monitoring the road surface. This article is devoted to a detailed study of the use of fiber-optic sensors (FOS) based on fiber Bragg grating for road surface monitoring. Such a fiber sensor, consisting of a fiber Bragg grating and a pair of grids, can offer the possibility of simultaneous measurement of deformation and temperature for monitoring the pavement. Temperature and deformation measurements were carried out by installing a sensor on the surface of a made asphalt sample. The built-in fiber sensor based on FBG provides important information about how the pavement structure can withstand the load and subsidence of soil and implement road safety and stability measures in a timely manner to evaluate and predict the service life of the pavement. The results of the study showed that the synchronicity, repeatability and linearity of the characteristics of the fiber sensor are excellent. The difference between the experimental and theoretical results was about 7%. Thus, based on the results of the obtained data, the fiber sensor on the FBG can be used for monitoring and designing road surfaces and in general transport infrastructure.

This paper considers the main parameters of the solar collector with thermosyphon circulation for the solar heat supply system. There was developed a flat solar collector construction with thermosyphon circulation wherein the heat transfer coefficient is increased by removing the additional partitions between a panel and heat insulation. The solar collector’s efficiency reached by the availability of a tank and thermal pump in the construction where a condenser and evaporator executed the form of a heat exchanger of «spiral in spiral» type and heat exchanger pipe connections are one above another, which allows increasing the square and heat exchange intensity. The outcome of the study is a description of the mathematical analysis of the heat transmission process in the tank accumulator. We have shown a heat carrier thermophysical parameter dependence on the temperature.

Water resource pollution, particularly in river channels, presents a grave environmental challenge that necessitates a comprehensive and systematic approach encompassing assessment, forecasting, and effective management. This article provides a comprehensive exploration of the methodology and modeling tools employed to scrutinize the process of river channel pollution due to silting, rooted in the fundamental principles of hydrodynamics and pollutant transport dynamics. The study’s methodology seamlessly integrates numerical simulations with state-of-the-art neural network techniques, with a specific focus on the physics-informed neural network (PINN) method. This innovative approach represents a groundbreaking fusion of artificial neural networks (ANNs) and physical equations, offering a more efficient and precise means of modeling a wide array of complex processes and phenomena. The proposed mathematical model, grounded in the Euler equation, has been meticulously implemented using the Ansys Fluent software package, ensuring accuracy and reliability in the computations. In a pivotal phase of the research, a thorough comparative analysis was conducted between the results derived using the PINN method and those obtained using conventional numerical approaches with the Ansys Fluent software package. The outcomes of this analysis revealed the superior performance of the PINN method, characterized by the generation of smoother pressure fluctuation profiles and a significantly reduced computation time, underscoring its potential as a transformative modeling tool. The calculated data originating from this study assume paramount significance in the ongoing battle against river sedimentation. Beyond this immediate application, these findings also serve as a valuable resource for creating predictive materials pertaining to river channel silting, thereby empowering decision-makers and environmental stakeholders with essential information. The utilization of modeling techniques to address pollution concerns in river channels holds the potential to revolutionize risk management and safeguard the integrity of our vital water resources. However, it is imperative to underscore that the effectiveness of such models hinges on ongoing monitoring and frequent data updates, ensuring that they remain aligned with real-world conditions. This research not only contributes to the enhanced understanding and proactive management of river channel pollution due to silting but also underscores the pivotal role of advanced modeling methodologies in the preservation of our invaluable water resources for present and future generations.

Based on the most significant features of the angular velocity dynamic measurements selected by the authors, the main phases of measuring information transformation were established, which allowed to obtain new mathematical models in the form of transformation function, equations for estimating quantization errors, analytical dependences for measuring range that are initial for modeling physical processes occurring in such digital measuring channels with microprocessor control. The process of converting an analog quantity into a binary code is analytically described, an equation for estimating the absolute and relative quantization error is obtained and a measurement range is established, which provides a normalized value of relative quantization error for angular velocity measuring channels with encoder. For the first time, the equation of sampling error was obtained, and it was proved that the limiting factor of the angular velocity measurements upper limit is not only the normalized value of quantization error, as previously thought, but also the value of sampling frequency fD. Therefore, to expand the measurement range (by increasing the upper limit of measurement), it is proposed not only to increase the speed of analog-to-digital conversion hardware, but also to reduce the execution time of software drivers for transmitting measurement information to RAM of microprocessor system. For this purpose, the analytical dependences of estimating the upper limit of measurement based on the value of the sampling step for different modes of measurement information transmission are obtained. The practical implementation of the software mode measurement information transmission is characterized by a minimum of hardware costs and maximum execution time of the software driver, which explains its low speed, and therefore provides a minimum value of the upper limit measurement. In the interrupt mode, the upper limit value of the angular velocity measurement is higher than in the program mode due to the reduction of the software driver’s execution time (tFl = 0). The maximum value of the angular velocity measurements upper limit can be achieved using the measurement information transmission in the mode of direct access to memory (DMA) by providing maximum speed in this mode (tFl = 0, tDR = 0). In addition, the application of the results obtained in the work allows at the design stage (during physical and mathematical modeling) to assess the basic metrological characteristics of the measuring channel, aimed at reducing the development time and debugging of hardware, software, and standardization of their metrological characteristics.

Road infrastructure is a key public asset because it benefits the social and economic development of any country. It plays an important role for the development of the industrial complex, the production sector and the road surfaces of transport roads should be of high quality, have a long service life. Road infrastructure, as well as all infrastructure, requires preservation, maintenance and repair. There are special requirements for the roadway that must be observed during construction or repair. This article is devoted to a detailed study of the use of fiber optics sensors (FOS) based on the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) for road surface monitoring. Such a fiber sensor consisting of a fiber Bragg grid and a pair of grids can offer the possibility of simultaneous measurement of deformation and temperature for monitoring the pavement. Temperature and deformation measurements were carried out by installing a sensor on the surface of a made asphalt sample. The built-in fiber sensor based on FBG provides important information about how the pavement structure can withstand the load, subsidence of soil, timely implement road safety and stability measures evaluate and predict the service life of the pavement. The results of the study showed that the synchronicity, repeatability and linearity of the characteristics of the fiber sensor are excellent. The difference between the experimental and theoretical results is about 7%. Thus, based on the results of the obtained data, the fiber sensor on the FBG can be used for monitoring, designing road surfaces and in general transport infrastructure.

The article describes a newly developed calculation technique and choice of the geometrical parameters of the solar collector with the siphon effect. The dependence of the cross section of the pipe on the flow time for different values of the head is also shown. With an increase in the siphon...