Bird strikes have long been a source of concern for all airlines across the world. It is the most significant design criterion for aircraft engine fan blades. As it is not practical to manufacture and test aviation engines repeatedly for minor design modifications, simulation analysis can be used to investigate strategies to reduce the influence of a bird strike on a jet engine by employing proper design and manufacturing processes for blades. This study proposes using two fibers (hybrid) instead of the single-fiber composite blade presently in use to address delamination problems. As an idea validation test, the coupon-level analysis results are validated using a four-point bend test of similar-size coupons. Following this validation, dynamic analysis is used to investigate the impact behavior of a rectangular plate subjected to a bird strike. The current research focuses on analyzing bird strikes on a hybrid composite fan blade using blade-level models. This study concentrates on the position of the bird’s impact and the joint region length of two materials. The results show that the joint region with a 40% length of glass composite shows the optimum level of normalized interlaminar shear strain in all three impact locations.

Upgrading abradable or wearable coatings in the high-temperature zone of aero engines is advised to increase the efficiency and high-density power in gas turbine engines for military or commercial fixed-wing and rotary-wing aircraft. The development of these coated materials is also motivated by minimization of the number of failures in the blade, as well as increasing their resistance to wear and erosion. It is suggested that abradable coatings or seals be used to accomplish this goal. The space between the rotor and the shroud is minimized thanks to an abradable seal at the blade’s tip. Coatings that can withstand abrasion are often multiphase materials sprayed through thermal spray methods, and which consist of a metal matAzmeerix, oxide particles, and void space. The maintenance of an ideal blend of qualities, such as erosion resistance and hardness, during production determines a seal’s effectiveness. The objective of this research is to develop microstructure-based modelling methodology which will mimic the coating wear process and subsequently help in designing the abradable coating composition. Microstructure modelling, meshing, and wear analysis using many tools such as Fusion360, Hyper Mesh, and LS-Dyna, have been employed to develop an abradable coating model and perform wear analysis using a simulated rub rig test. The relation between percentage composition and morphology variations of metal, oxide, and voids to the output parameters such as hardness, abradability, and other mechanical properties is explored using simulated finite analysis models of real micrographic images of abradable coatings.

In aerospace applications, engine parts, especially those around the rotor blade tips, are coated with an abradable seal, a specific material layer. Its design produces a tighter seal without harming the blades by allowing it to wear down or “abrade” somewhat when the blade tips come into contact. In turbines and compressors, this reduces gas leakage between high- and low-pressure zones, increasing engine efficiency. Abradable seals are crucial to contemporary jet engines because they enhance performance and lower fuel consumption. The materials selected for these seals are designed to balance durability and abrasion resistance under high temperatures and speeds. Metal matrix, oxide particles, and porosity are the three most prevalent phases. An ideal mix of characteristics, such as hardness and erosion resistance, determines how effective a seal is, and this is accomplished by keeping the right proportions of elements in place throughout production. The primary objective of this research is to optimize abradability by utilizing various FEM tools to simulate the rub rig test and modify testing parameters, including Young’s modulus, yield stress, and tangent modulus, to analyze their impact on the wear behavior of the abradable seal and blade. Two microstructure models (CoNiCrAlY–BN–polyester coating) were found to perform optimally at porosity levels of 56% and 46%, corresponding to hardness values of 48 HR15Y and 71 HR15Y, respectively. Changing factors like yield stress and tangent modulus makes the seal more abrasive while keeping its hardness, porosity, and Young’s modulus the same. Furthermore, altering the Young’s modulus of the shroud material achieves optimal abradability when tangent modulus and yield stress remain constant. These findings provide valuable insights for improving material performance in engineering applications. To improve abradability and forecast characteristics, this procedure entails evaluating the effects of every single parameter setting, culminating in the creation of the best abradable materials. This modeling technique seems to provide reliable findings, providing a solid basis for coating design in the future.

Over the past few years, several novel formulations of fractional derivatives have emerged, facilitating the construction of mathematical models that can address a broad spectrum of real-world applications. This study presents and investigates a mathematical model for smoking behavior incorporating the Caputo–Fabrizio fractional differential operator, which is par-ticularly valued for its non-singular kernel and ability to capture memory effects in dynamic systems without the complexities of singularities. Here, the population is divided into six distinct compartments: mainly susceptible, snuffing, irregular, habitual, regular, and quit. To explore the model’s dynamics, the Laplace Adomian Decomposition Method (LADM) and the Aboodh Adomian Decomposition Method (AADM) are employed. A comparative analysis of LADM and AADM is carried out using MATLAB software, with numerical simulations conducted for various fractional orders to assess the accuracy and efficiency of both techniques. Both methodologies demonstrated a high level of accuracy and consistency in their results, highlighting their reliability for modeling complex systems.

A stream-aquifer subsurface seepage model is developed to estimate fluctuations in the water table in an unconfined sloping aquifer which receives subsurface seepage from adjacent water bodies and time-varying vertical recharge. The groundwater flow is approximated by a nonlinear advection-diffusion equation subjected to time-dependent boundary conditions. Two numerical schemes namely Mac Cormack scheme and Du Fort Frankel scheme are used for solving the nonlinear flow equations. A Model is developed by solving the nonlinear Boussinesq equation using the Laplace transform technique. The combined effects of bed slope, stream rise rate, and vertical recharge are demonstrated using an illustrative example. To assess the validity of linearization, numerical solutions are compared with analytical solutions using an extensive value of aquifer parameters. Simulation is done using hypothetical data and results are compared with the previous literature. The results indicate that the approximate analytical solution agrees with the numerical solution for bed sloping angle within the range – 5 deg to 5 deg