Darknet is commonly known as the epicenter of illegal online activities. An analysis of darknet traffic is essential to monitor real-time applications and activities running over the Darknet. Recognizing network traffic bound to unused Internet addresses has become undeniably significant for identifying and examining malicious activities on the internet. Since there are no authentic hosts or devices in an unused address block, any observed network traffic must be the aftereffect of misconfiguration from spoofed source addressed and other frameworks that monitor unused address space. However, the recent advancements in artificial intelligence allow digital systems to detect and identify darknet traffic autonomously. In this paper, we propose a generalized approach for darknet traffic detection and categorization using Deep Learning. We examine the state-of-the-art complex dataset, which provides excessive information about the darknet traffic and perform data preprocessing. Next, we analyze diverse feature selection techniques to select optimal features for darknet traffic detection and categorization. We apply fine-tuned machine learning (ML) algorithms which include Decision Tree (DT), Gradient Boosting (GB), Random Forest Regressor (RFR), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) on selected features and compare the performance. Next, we apply modified Convolution-Long Short-Term Memory (CNN-LSTM) and Convolution-Gradient Recurrent Unit (CNN-GRU) deep learning techniques to recognize the network traffic more accurately. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms the existing approaches by yielding the maximum accuracy of 96% of darknet traffic detection and 89% of darknet traffic categorization through XGB as a feature selection approach and CNN-LSTM a recognition model.

Analogy-Based Estimation (ABE) is one of the promising estimation models used for predicting the software development effort. Researchers proposed different variants of the ABE model, but still, the most suitable procedure could not be produced for accurate estimation. In this study, an artificial Bee colony guided Analogy-Based Estimation (BABE) model is proposed which ensembles Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) with ABE for accurate estimation. ABC produces different weights, out of which the most appropriate is infused in the similarity function of ABE during the stage of model training, which are later used in the testing stage for evaluation. There are six real datasets utilized for simulating the model procedure. Five of these datasets are taken from the PROMISE repository. The predictive performance is improved for BABE over the existing ones. The most significant of its performance is found on the International Software Benchmarking Standards Group (ISBSG) dataset.

Nonfunctional requirements are ignored because functional requirements are considered to be more important than nonfunctional requirements, lack of knowledge and methodologies to accomplish nonfunctional requirement elicitation and the nature of agile software development process. This ignorance of nonfunctional requirements become the cause to failure of projects. Furthermore, cloud computing helps to practice twelve (12) agile principles including nonfunctional requirement elicitation. This study proposed a semi-automated methodology for eliciting nonfunctional requirement in agile development and cloud computing environment. The methodology used an NLP based automatic NFR extraction approach to fast the NFR elicitation process. The methodology is evaluated by applying on eProcurement dataset. The results are improved as compared to existing studies.

The main purpose of educational institutions is to provide quality education to their students. However, it is difficult to analyze large data manually. Educational data mining is more effective as compared to statistical methods used to explore data in educational settings to analyze students’ performance. The objective of the study is to use different data mining techniques and find their performance and impact of different features on students’ academic performance. The dataset was collected from the Kaggle repository. To analyze the dataset, different classification algorithms were applied like decision tree, random forest, SVM classifier, SGD classifier, AdaBoost classifier, and LR classifier. This research revealed that random forest achieved a higher score (98%). The score of decision tree, AdaBoost, logistic regression, SVM, and SGD is 90%, 89%, 88%, 86%, and 84%, respectively. Results show that technology greatly influences student performance. The students who use social media throughout the week showed low performance as compared to the students who use it only at weekends. Furthermore, the impact of other features on the performance of students is also measured.