The complex interactions that exist between soil bacteria and plants have a significant impact on agricultural sustainability. These relationships, which can be pathogenic or symbiotic, are essential to comprehending and improving the health and productivity of plants. It has not been possible to fully understand the intricacies of these relationships using traditional methodologies. But the development of multi-omics technologies—genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics—along with next-generation sequencing has completely changed our capacity to analyze and comprehend the dynamics between plants and microbes. With an emphasis on the use of various omics techniques, this brief overview investigates the complex mechanisms governing the interactions between microorganisms and plants. Researchers can create detailed interaction networks and identify regulatory pathways by combining multi-omics data. These revelations shed important light on the interactions, symbiosis, and disease that occur between microorganisms and plants. In the end, understanding these complex interactions has a great deal of potential to advance sustainable agricultural methods and guarantee global food security in the face of environmental difficulties.

Current study described an efficient direct and indirect plantlet regeneration using nodal and leaf explants. The use of BAP alone promoted direct regeneration from nodal as well as leaf explants. Together with kinetin and IAA, BAP resulted in 5–7 regenerated shoots. Upon increasing the concentration BAP (3 mg/l) together with IAA (0.5 mg/l) and myoinositol (100 mg/l) explants produced a maximum of 6 ± 2 and 11 ± 3 regenerated shoots from leaf and nodal explants in 15 days, respectively. Continuous culture of explants of kinetin-supplemented media supported in vitro flowering. Flowers were smaller in size without seed setting. Supplementation of NAA along with cytokinin supported callus formation. However, NAA alone was very advantageous for in vitro rooting. The developed plantlets were transferred to the soil. The seed germination percentage was improved after a small incision opposite the micropylar end. A small cut helped in the inspection of the seed quality and also improved seed germination from 2 to 93%. GA₃ (2 or 5 mg/l) does not influence breaking the seed dormancy. Just after the radical emergence, these seeds were transferred to MS media supplemented with elicitors (salicylic acid or jasmonic acid). Growth parameters of the seedlings were recorded from 6 to 18 of treatment. Though elicitors reduced the growth of seedlings, ascorbate peroxidase activity was enhanced by 10–14-fold as the concentration of SA/JA increased. Elicitors are known to enhance secondary metabolite (psoralen) in plants, and the threefold elevated expression of the psoralen synthase gene also proved the same. The study successfully established an efficient regeneration protocol for Psoralea corylifolia through direct and indirect organogenesis, significantly enhancing shoot regeneration, seed germination, and in vitro flowering. Additionally, elicitor treatments not only induced stress responses but also promoted higher psoralen accumulation, making this approach promising for large-scale propagation and secondary metabolite production

Plants rely on soil for their nutritional demands and shape the microbiome of surrounding soil through metabolic interactions. Though amplicon sequencing, this study examines the metabolic pathways and microbial communities associated with rhizospheres of Carica papaya (papaya) and Mangifera indica (mango). Significant variations in the microbial compositions and related metabolic functions between the two environments were observed.Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were among the common microbial phyla found in both rhizospheres; however, their relative abundances differed, suggesting microbial interactions particular to individual plants. Proteobacteria (32.36%), Actinobacteria (8.67%), Crenarchaeota (9.41%), and Firmicutes (6.25%) were the most common phyla in the rhizosphere of mangos, while Proteobacteria (33.86%), Actinobacteria (9.71%), Crenarchaeota (8.25%), and Firmicutes (6.85%) dominated the papaya rhizosphere. The mango rhizosphere had unique genera such as Algoriphagus and Salinarimonas, while the papaya rhizosphere contained Mycobacterium, Nitrospira, Skermanella, Thalassobaculuma and Haloferula. Mango soil displayed a heightened abundance of pathways related to xenobiotic degradation and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, reflecting distinct microbial interactions and metabolic activities. In contrast, papaya soil showed enrichment in pathways related to photosynthesis and oxidative phosphorylation, implying increased energy production.

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) stands as a crucial oilseed crop in the tropical and subtropical regions of India, esteemed for its high nutritional value comprising proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. Yet, its yield faces significant threats from diverse biotic and abiotic stresses prevalent in today's agricultural landscape. Among the biotic stressors, soil- and seed-borne diseases such as collar rot/crown rot/seedling blight (Aspergillus niger), stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii), and aflaroot (Aspergillus flavus) emerge as major concerns. However, excessive fungicide application, while traditionally employed to combat these diseases, poses risks of soil pollution and disruption of microbial diversity. In response, the exploration of biocontrol agents presents a more sustainable alternative. In the present investigation, nine bacterial isolates were scrutinized for their efficacy as biocontrols against the Sclerotium rolfsii fungus. Notably, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (N6) and Bacillus subtilis (N9) emerged as promising candidates, showcasing substantial reductions in pathogen growth and disease symptoms, alongside fostering enhanced plant growth. This study heralds a novel avenue for mitigating stem rot disease and bolstering peanut production through the application of biocontrols, heralding a promising stride towards sustainable agriculture practices