Background: Female reproductive tract dysbiosis impacts implantation. However, whether gut dysbiosis influences implantation failure and whether it accompanies reproductive tract dysbiosis remains scantly explored. Herein, we examined the gut-vaginal microbiota axis in infertile women.Methods: We recruited 11 fertile women as the controls, and a cohort of 20 infertile women, 10 of whom had recurrent implantation failure (RIF), and another 10 had unexplained infertility (UE). Using amplicon sequencing, which employs PCR to create sequences of DNA called amplicon, we compared the diversity, structure, and composition of faecal and vaginal bacteria of the controls with that of the infertile cohort. Of note, we could only sequence 8 vaginal samples in each group (n = 24/31).Result: Compared with the controls, α-diversity and β-diversity of the gut bacteria among the infertile groups differed significantly (p < 0.05). Taxa analysis revealed enrichment of Gram-positive bacteria in the RIF group, whereas Gram-negative bacteria were relatively abundant in the UE group. Strikingly, mucus-producing genera declined in the infertile cohort (p < 0.05).Hungatella,associated with trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) production, were enriched in the infertile cohort (p < 0.05). Vaginal microbiota was dominated by the genusLactobacillus,withLactobacillus iners AB-1 being the most abundant species across the groups. Compared with the infertile cohort, overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria, associated with vaginal dysbiosis, such asLeptotrichia and Snethia, occurred in the controls.Conclusion: The gut microbiota had little influence on the vaginal microbiota. Gut dysbiosis and vaginal eubiosis occurred in the infertile women, whereas the opposite trend occurred in the controls.

The complex interactions that exist between soil bacteria and plants have a significant impact on agricultural sustainability. These relationships, which can be pathogenic or symbiotic, are essential to comprehending and improving the health and productivity of plants. It has not been possible to fully understand the intricacies of these relationships using traditional methodologies. But the development of multi-omics technologies—genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics—along with next-generation sequencing has completely changed our capacity to analyze and comprehend the dynamics between plants and microbes. With an emphasis on the use of various omics techniques, this brief overview investigates the complex mechanisms governing the interactions between microorganisms and plants. Researchers can create detailed interaction networks and identify regulatory pathways by combining multi-omics data. These revelations shed important light on the interactions, symbiosis, and disease that occur between microorganisms and plants. In the end, understanding these complex interactions has a great deal of potential to advance sustainable agricultural methods and guarantee global food security in the face of environmental difficulties.

Prokaryoplankton genomes from the deep marine sediments are less explored compared to shallow shore sediments. The Gulfs of Kathiawar peninsula experience varied currents and inputs from different on-shore activities. Any perturbations would directly influence the microbiome and their normal homeostasis. Advancements in reconstructing genomes from metagenomes allows us to understand the role of individual unculturable microbes in ecological niches like the Gulf sediments. Here, we report 309 bacterial and archaeal genomes assembled from metagenomics data of deep sediments from sites in the Gulf of Khambhat and Gulf of Kutch as well as a sample from the Arabian Sea. Phylogenomics classified them into 5 archaeal and 18 bacterial phyla. The genomes will facilitate understanding of the physiology, adaptation and impact of on-shore anthropogenic activities on the deep sediment microbes.