As COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented human health consequences. Knowledge, attitude, perception of general population of India towards the transmission and prevention plays vital role for effective control measures. The study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of the general public of India on COVID-19. In this study, a web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted between 10 ^th March to 18 ^th April 2020. A 19-item questionnaire was generated, Cronbach’s alpha was used to measure the internal consistency of the questionnaire & randomly distributed among the public using Google forms through social media networks. The chi-square test or Fischer exact test was used to compare categorical data and multiple linear regression was used to identify factor influencing KAP. Among 7978 participants, the overall knowledge, attitude and practice score was 80.64%, 97.33% and 93.8% consecutively. Majority of Indian population demonstrated preceded good knowledge, positive attitude and good practice regarding COVID-19 pandemic.

The association between frailty and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among Asian patients with liver cirrhosis and sarcopenia remains largely unexplored. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a cross-sectional study involving individuals aged 32 to 69 years, all diagnosed with liver cirrhosis. The chronic liver disease questionnaire (CLDQ) was used to assess HR-QoL, the CLDQ score was used as an outcome to measure the factors related to HR-QoL, and the liver frailty index (LFI) was used to assess the frailty status. The association between the frailty status and the CLDQ summary scales was investigated using the correlation coefficient and multiple regression analyses. A total of 138 patients in the frail (n = 62) and non-frail (n = 76) groups with (alcohol: 97; viral: 24; autoimmune: 17; and cryptogenic: 12) were included in the study. Age, CTP score, and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) sodium were significantly higher in the frail group. In the CLDQ domains, there was a significant difference between the frail and non-frail groups (p value = 0.001). In health-related quality-of-life summary measures, there was a strong negative correlation between frailty and the scores for activities, emotional function, and fatigue (p value = 0.001). When comparing frail to non-frail patients, these characteristics demonstrated significantly increased odds as indicated by their adjusted odds ratios: OR 3.339 (p value = 0.013), OR 3.998 (p value = 0.006), and OR 4.626 (p value = 0.002), respectively.

Background: Caregiver burden in mental illness is believed to differ between ethnic groups, but few studies have examined this in schizophrenia in the UK. Aim: To measure burden in British North Indian Sikh and white British parents with a son or daughter with established schizophrenia managed in outpatient care. Method: A cross-cultural cohort study measuring family factors, patient psychopathology and levels of burden and distress. Results: Overall levels of burden were low with no significant differences between the groups. Burden subscale scores showed Indian parents were more affected by psychotic behaviours than white parents. The groups also differed on several sociodemographic variables. Conclusion: In stabilized community patients, the overall extent of burden experienced by both Indian and white parents is low and comparable. However, Indian parents were more burdened by psychotic behaviours. This may be a result of co-residence as Indian patients are more likely to live with their families. Social and economic factors in the country of residence and levels of acculturation may also influence levels of burden and the illness behaviours found most bothersome by parents.

Objective: As there is a dearth of researches targeting the Indian population on this issue, we decided to conduct a survey to assess the psychological impact of COVID-19 on mental health and quality of life of Indians. Methods: In this Cross-Sectional study, a total of 2245 participants above 16 y of age were included. Mental health variables were assessed via depression, anxiety and stress subscale (DASS-21), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI-7), Patient health questionnaire (PHQ-15), Quality of life (QoL-5) and social media exposure. Results: The multivariate logistic regression demonstrated female (OR-1.17, 95% CI: 0.99 to 1.38) had significantly higher depression scores whereas, housewife had higher depression (OR-1.68, 95% CI: 1.33 to 2.13), anxiety (OR-1.64, 95% CI: 1.15 to 2.35), insomnia (OR-1.32, 95% CI: 1.14 to 1.53), somatic symptoms (OR-1.76, 95% CI: 1.21 to 2.57). Front line workers had a higher psychological impact with increased scores of anxieties (OR-1.23, 95% CI: 0.79 to 1.53), stress (OR-1.82, 95% CI: 0.76 to 2.55), insomnia (OR-1.65, 95% CI: 1.31 to 2.09). Lower education level had significantly higher score in depression (OR-1.14, 95% CI: 0.73 to 1.32), insomnia (OR-2.42, 95% CI: 2.07 to 2.84), somatic symptoms (OR-2.59, 95% CI: 1.80 to 3.37). Poor physical health, social media exposure was significantly associated with heightened anxiety score. Conclusion: There is a need for psychological intervention as the dynamics and severity of COVID-19 is rapidly changing. These findings could guide the public health authorities to target and implement health measures to combat the pandemic.

Grave’s disease affects numerous patients globally, but its impact on health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) in relation to geographical disparities remains under-explored. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the influence of urban versus rural residence on HR-QoL among patients diagnosed with Graves’ Disease in Rajasthan, India. One hundred seven Graves’ disease patients from rural and urban endocrine centers were analyzed. The rural group included 52 patients (24 males, 28 females), averaging 38.9 ± 10.9 years of age, while the urban group had 55 (13 males, 42 females) with an average age of 39.1 ± 14.2 years. We found differences between rural and urban patients in terms of gender ratio, BMI, smoking habits, and obesity. Multivariable linear regression was used in both groups to determine the association between the baseline characteristics of Graves’ patients from both areas and HR-QOL. Health-related quality of life, assessed via the SF-36 questionnaire, indicated higher general health and role emotional scores among urban patients. Our study found that the duration of Graves’ disease in rural centers negatively impacted physical health scores. In urban patients, age and BMI influenced physical health, while gender and disease duration affected mental health scores in rural patients. Age impacted mental health in urban patients. Rural patients had a poorer quality of life compared to urban patients. Differences in gender distribution, BMI, smoking habits, and obesity rates revealed disparities in Graves’ disease between rural and urban patients in India, highlighting the need for better healthcare infrastructure and awareness in rural areas.