Crocins are valuable bioactive components of gardenia fruit, and their biosynthesis and accumulation have attracted widespread interest. Studies have investigated the biosynthesis and accumulation of crocin based on Illumina sequencing, but there is a lack of reports based on full-length transcriptome sequencing. Utilising SMRT sequencing and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we explored crocin biosynthesis and accumulation in the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides. HPLC analysis showed that crocins specifically exist in fruit and that the content of crocins increases gradually during fruit development. SMRT sequencing generated 46,715 high-quality full-length isoforms, including 5230 novel isoforms that are not present in the G. jasminoides genome. Furthermore, a total of 46 genes and 91 lncRNAs were involved in the biosynthesis and accumulation of crocin. The qRT-PCR indicated that genes involved in crocin biosynthesis reached a peak in the NOV stage. These findings contributed to our understanding of crocin biosynthesis and accumulation.

Gardenia stenophylla Merr, a member of the genus Gardenia in the family Rubiaceae, possesses significant medicinal and ornamental value and is widely distributed in China. This study reports the newly sequenced chloroplast genome of Gardenia stenophylla Merr. The complete chloroplast genome of Gardenia stenophylla Merr (155,109 bp, GC content of 37.5%) was shown to have a typical quadripartite structure, containing a pair of inverted repeat regions (IRs) of 28,802 bp separated by a large single-copy (LSC) region of 85,396 bp and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,109 bp. The chloroplast genome contained 151 genes encoding 106 proteins, 37 tRNAs, and eight rRNAs. The Gardenia stenophylla Merr chloroplast genome displayed the closest phylogenetic relationship to Gardenia jasminoides and Gardenia jasminoides var. grandiflora. These data will assist in future molecular phylogenetics of the Rubiaceae.

Nineteen samples of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis from China were used for genome resequencing. The clean Q30 base rates ranged from 91.19% to 92.94%. When mapping with the reference genome, a total of 7,568,199 inDel sites and 61,535,595 SNP sites were detected, with variations of heterozygosity ratios ranging from 44.86% to 92.69% and from 41.53% to 90.38%, respectively. Genome location and function annotation of SNP and inDel in different samples were carried out. SNP and inDel were mainly located in the intergenic region, with the ratios of 67.2360% and 62.6415%, respectively. Based on the phylogenetic tree constructed by the maximum likelihood method, the 19 samples could be divided into four categories. Among them, Y_10 and Y_38 were put into one category, while Y_2 was put into a separate category. These two were first differentiated from other cultivars and species. Similar conclusions can be drawn from the results of genetic structure and principal component analysis. This study provided sequence foundation for the identifying of the molecular marker and genotype of G. jasminoides. It also provided theoretical foundation for subsequent resource conservation and utilization, the genetic localization of important agronomical traits, and high-quality variety formulation and breeding.

Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis, an evergreen shrub or small tree valued for ornamental horticulture and traditional Chinese medicine, has undergone millenni

Objective This study aims to investigate the microbial community structure variation between diseased and healthy Gardenia jasminoides fruits，and identify potential pathogens. Method Metagenome was employed to analyze microbial community structures in three types of infected fruits versus healthy controls.Pathogen prediction was conducted through alignment with PHI and VFDB databases. Result （1）The overall microbial community diversity of the three diseased Gardenia jasminoides fruit samples was lower than that of the healthy ones，However，the abundance and species number of the fungal community in them increased significantly，while the abundance ratio of bacterial to fungal communities（B/F）decreased.（2）At the fungal level，Ascomycota predominated in both diseased and healthy fruits.The relative abundance of Ramularia collo-cygni and Fusarium torreyae in scab（SC）samples was significantly higher than that in other samples.The relative abundance of Zasmidium and Talaromyces in dry rot（DR）samples was significantly higher than other samples.（3）At the bacteria level，Pseudomonadota was predominantly dominant in both infected and healthy fruits，and the Methylobacterium in the three diseased samples was relatively higher than that in the healthy samples.The samples of scab also contained high relative abundance of Brevibacillus parabrevis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.（4）Comparison with the Pathogen-Host Interaction Database（PHI-base）and the Virulence Factor Database of Pathogenic Bacteria（VFDB）revealed that Aspergillus fumigatus，Magnaporthe oryzae，Fusarium graminearum，Zymoseptoria tritici，Pantoea dispersa，and Pantoea dispersa B may be potential pathogens of Gardenia jasminoides fruit disease. Conclusion Fungal abundance elevation correlates with Gardenia fruit disease.R.collo-cygni and F.torreyae are potential scab pathogens，while Z.cellare may cause gardenia fruit dry rot.Aspergillus fumigatum，Macrophyllum oryzae，Fusarium graminis，Zymoseptoria tritici，Pantoea dispersa and Pantoea dispersa B may be the candidate pathogens of gardenia fruit disease.Brevibacillus parabrevis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens may be involved in the biological control of Gardenia fruit diseases.

Objective Daphne genkwa is a well-known native flower and traditional medicinal plant with significant ecological，ornamental，and medicinal value.Researching and addressing the rapid propagation methods for D. genkwa is an essential requirement for its conservation and utilization. Method Using leaves and stem segments of robust D. genkwa plants as explants，we investigated the effects of different sterilization methods on D. genkwa explants.We also studied the effects of different hormone ratios on the induction of callus tissues，the proliferation of adventitious shoots，and the rooting of D. genkwa Our aim was to construct a highly efficient regeneration system for D. genkwa explant tissues. Result The explants of D. genkwa were disinfected with 75% ethanol solution for 25-35 second，2% NaClO solution and 0.1% HgCl₂ solution for 15 min，The contamination rate of D. genkwa stem segment explants was 52.7%，while the leaf explants was 49.0%.MS+ 0.8 mg/L 6-BA+0.35 mg/L NAA was the best primary induction medium for D. genkwa stem segment explants，with an 79.7% tissue induction rate and 96.4% induced adventitious shoots.MS+ 0.8 mg/L IBA+0.85 mg/L NAA was the best primary induction medium for D. genkwa leaf explants，with a 99.8% tissue induction rate and 94.5% induced adventitious shoots.MS+0.35 mg/L 6-BA+0.35 mg/L IBA was the best successional proliferation medium for D. genkwa stem segments and leaves，with the highest proliferation coefficient of 7.36 and the highest average shoot height of 2.47 cm.MS+0.6 mg/L IBA+1.0 mg/L NAA+0.08 g/L ascorbic acid was the best rooting medium for D. genkwa stem explants，with an average rooting of 3.67 and root length of 2.16 cm；MS+0.6 mg/L IBA+0.6 mg/L NAA+0.07 g/L ascorbic acid was the best rooting medium for leaf explants of D. genkwa，with an average of 1.33 roots and a root length of 1.95 cm. Conclusion An isolated tissue regeneration system was developed using D. genkwa leaves and stem segments as explants.This system showed high rates of tissue healing induction，stimulated adventitious shoots，proliferation coefficients，and rooting rates.It effectively addressed the technical challenges related to efficient D. genkwa seedling propagation.