This paper proposes the non-isolated DC-DC converter with high boost ratios and efficiency. We suggest boosting methods including voltage multiplier cells or coupled inductors. However, both techniques have a limited constant voltage multiplier coefficient according to the fixed configuration. Therefore, in the proposed method, we change the multiplier factor (as the number of activity levels) and combine it with the turn of the appropriate duty cycle; these factors are considered at the same time in order to increase the energy conversion efficiency and expand the control area of the duty cycle. A mathematical analysis of the losses of the components in operation modes shows that the boost ratio and efficiency are functions of the number of activity levels and duty cycle. Therefore, this paper proposes an algorithm for tracking the activity levels and duty cycle in order to obtain the maximum efficiency. The simulations produced with the Powersim-PSIM software, and the experiments with load capacities of 250 W, 500 W and 1000 W, boosting the ratio by more than ten times, were conducted in order to clarify the capabilities of the proposed configuration.

In this paper, an attenuated-chattering adaptive second order variable structure controller (ACASOVSC) is proposed for mismatched uncertain systems using a Moore-Penrose inverse method. The key achievements of this study include three tasks: 1) influence of the chattering in control input is diminished, 2) finite-time convergence of system states is guaranteed, and 3) external disturbance is generally assumed to be unknown in advance. Firstly, a switching manifold which comprises only output information is defined. Secondly, a reduced-order variable structure estimator (ROVSE) with lower dimension is designed to reduce the computation burden and enhance the robustness. Thirdly, an adaptive approach is used to guess the upper bound of the unknown exogenous disturbance. Next, an ACASOVSC is investigated for attenuating the chattering phenomenon and stabilizing the system. Then, a novel linear matrix inequality (LMI) constraint by the Lyapunov technique is given such that the plant is entirely invariant to matched uncertainties and asymptotically stable. Finally, a mathematical illustration is simulated, which exhibits the usefulness and the feasible application of the proposed method.

This paper presents the design of a DC – AC 3 phase 2 stages converter using programmable controllers which is performed on PSIM simulation software. The idea of this strategy is to present a method of controlling a large capacity DC-AC 3-phase AC voltage converter, with 380±20 VAC voltage output and 50Hz frequency, which is used for areas that need 3-phase electricity from the solar power system. In order to achieve a stable 3-phase AC voltage output, the converter is designed using the DC-DC 4-phase Interleaved Boost Converter in double circuit and the Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) of the solar system. In this scheme, the electrical energy obtained from the DC-DC boost converter circuit will provide power to the 3-phase inverter that operates on the sine-PWM technique. The power circuit and quality control of the converter are enhanced by using the DC-DC 4-phase Interleaved Boost Converter and phase shift technique. The control parameters of two power converters will be controlled by the PI controller. A 10kW DC-AC 3-phase converter model was carried out on PSIM to illustrate the simulation results and validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, so it is ready to be implemented for practical applications.

This paper proposes an estimator-based single phase robustness variable structure load frequency controller (SPRVSLFC) for the multi-region interconnected power systems (MRIPS) with communication delays. The key attainments of this research consist of two missions: i) a global stability of the power systems is guaranteed by removing the reaching phase in traditional variable structure control (TVSC) technique; and ii) a novel output feedback load frequency controller is established based on the estimator tool and output information only. Initially, a single-phase switching function is constructed to disregard the reaching phase in TVSC. Then, an unmeasurable state variable of the MRIPS is estimated by using the proposed estimator tool. Next, a new SPRVSLFC for the MRIPS is suggested based on the support of the estimator tool and output data only. Furthermore, a sufficient constraint is constructed by retaining the linear matrix inequality (LMI) procedure for ensuring the robust stability of motion dynamics in sliding mode. Finally, the performance of interconnected power plant under changed multi-constraints is imitated with the novel control technique to validate the practicability of the plant.

The concept of the smart grid enables utilities to manage segments of a distribution system as multiple microgrids (MGs) during grid power outages. However, these MGs often face operational challenges due to unforeseen fluctuations in local electricity consumption. This paper investigates an emergency energy management strategy for µPMU‐supported networked microgrids (NMGs) to enhance power supply resilience. The proposed approach enables coordinated interconnection of islanded MGs through a back‐to‐back (BtB) converter with a DC link, facilitating load sharing under overload or underload conditions. A centralized control framework is developed, leveraging real‐time data from microphasor measurement units (µPMUs) to optimize energy exchange between interconnected MGs. To enhance system reliability, the architecture integrates a permissive voltage interlock alongside an automated load‐priority disconnection mechanism for severe isolated operating conditions. The control architecture is further formulated to consider practical communication and measurement uncertainties, including connection delay, packet loss, µPMU measurement noise, and cyber‐related disturbances. Furthermore, the framework is developed for application to larger distribution networks with multiple interconnected MGs and photovoltaic generation. The study establishes a unified frequency‐focused emergency management framework that integrates centralized coordination, voltage‐based interconnection supervision, and localized load prioritization for resilient operation of NMGs.

In this study, a new chattering-free global second-order sliding mode load frequency controller (CGSOSMLFC) is proposed for multi-region linked power systems (MRLPS). Key achievements of this paper include: i) a new CGSOSMLFC is investigated utilizing only output variables; ii) a global steadiness of the MRLPS is ensured by eliminating the hitting phase in traditional sliding mode control (TSMC), and the undesirable high-frequency vacillation marvel in the control signal is efficiently lessened by utilizing the second-order sliding mode control technique. Firstly, a novel estimator is constructed to conjecture the immeasurable state variables of the MRLPS. Then, an estimator-based CGSOSMLFC is synthesized to force the states of the controlled plant into the anticipated switching surface at an instance time and attenuate the chattering phenomenon in the control indication. Additionally, the total MRLPS’s stability analysis is executed by applying the Lyapunov function theory and linear matrix inequality (LMI), confirming the practicability and reliability of the method. Lastly, simulation outcomes on a three-zone linked power system are furnished to authenticate the usefulness and advantages of the proposed technique.