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Til Feike
Julius Kühn Institute (JKI)—Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Strategies and Technology Assessment, Stahnsdorfer Damm 81, 14532 Kleinmachnow, Germany

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Review
Published: 27 August 2021 in Agronomy
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The search for approaches to a holistic sustainable agriculture requires the development of new cropping systems that provide additional ecosystem services beyond biomass supply for food, feed, material, and energy use. The reduction of chemical synthetic plant protection products is a key instrument to protect vulnerable natural resources such as groundwater and biodiversity. Together with an optimal use of mineral fertilizer, agroecological practices, and precision agriculture technologies, a complete elimination of chemical synthetic plant protection in mineral-ecological cropping systems (MECSs) may not only improve the environmental performance of agroecosystems, but also ensure their yield performance. Therefore, the development of MECSs aims to improve the overall ecosystem services of agricultural landscapes by (i) improving the provision of regulating ecosystem services compared to conventional cropping systems and (ii) improving the supply of provisioning ecosystem services compared to organic cropping systems. In the present review, all relevant research levels and aspects of this new farming concept are outlined and discussed based on a comprehensive literature review and the ongoing research project “Agriculture 4.0 without Chemical-Synthetic Plant Protection”.

ACS Style

Beate Zimmermann; Ingrid Claß-Mahler; Moritz von Cossel; Iris Lewandowski; Jan Weik; Achim Spiller; Sina Nitzko; Christian Lippert; Tatjana Krimly; Isabell Pergner; Christian Zörb; Monika A. Wimmer; Markus Dier; Frank M. Schurr; Jörn Pagel; Adriana Riemenschneider; Hella Kehlenbeck; Til Feike; Bettina Klocke; Robin Lieb; Stefan Kühne; Sandra Krengel-Horney; Julia Gitzel; Abbas El-Hasan; Stefan Thomas; Martin Rieker; Karl Schmid; Thilo Streck; Joachim Ingwersen; Uwe Ludewig; Günter Neumann; Niels Maywald; Torsten Müller; Klára Bradáčová; Markus Göbel; Ellen Kandeler; Sven Marhan; Romina Schuster; Hans-W. Griepentrog; David Reiser; Alexander Stana; Simone Graeff-Hönninger; Sebastian Munz; Dina Otto; Roland Gerhards; Marcus Saile; Wilfried Hermann; Jürgen Schwarz; Markus Frank; Michael Kruse; Hans-Peter Piepho; Peter Rosenkranz; Klaus Wallner; Sabine Zikeli; Georg Petschenka; Nicole Schönleber; Ralf T. Vögele; Enno Bahrs. Mineral-Ecological Cropping Systems—A New Approach to Improve Ecosystem Services by Farming without Chemical Synthetic Plant Protection. Agronomy 2021, 11, 1710 .

AMA Style

Beate Zimmermann, Ingrid Claß-Mahler, Moritz von Cossel, Iris Lewandowski, Jan Weik, Achim Spiller, Sina Nitzko, Christian Lippert, Tatjana Krimly, Isabell Pergner, Christian Zörb, Monika A. Wimmer, Markus Dier, Frank M. Schurr, Jörn Pagel, Adriana Riemenschneider, Hella Kehlenbeck, Til Feike, Bettina Klocke, Robin Lieb, Stefan Kühne, Sandra Krengel-Horney, Julia Gitzel, Abbas El-Hasan, Stefan Thomas, Martin Rieker, Karl Schmid, Thilo Streck, Joachim Ingwersen, Uwe Ludewig, Günter Neumann, Niels Maywald, Torsten Müller, Klára Bradáčová, Markus Göbel, Ellen Kandeler, Sven Marhan, Romina Schuster, Hans-W. Griepentrog, David Reiser, Alexander Stana, Simone Graeff-Hönninger, Sebastian Munz, Dina Otto, Roland Gerhards, Marcus Saile, Wilfried Hermann, Jürgen Schwarz, Markus Frank, Michael Kruse, Hans-Peter Piepho, Peter Rosenkranz, Klaus Wallner, Sabine Zikeli, Georg Petschenka, Nicole Schönleber, Ralf T. Vögele, Enno Bahrs. Mineral-Ecological Cropping Systems—A New Approach to Improve Ecosystem Services by Farming without Chemical Synthetic Plant Protection. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (9):1710.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Beate Zimmermann; Ingrid Claß-Mahler; Moritz von Cossel; Iris Lewandowski; Jan Weik; Achim Spiller; Sina Nitzko; Christian Lippert; Tatjana Krimly; Isabell Pergner; Christian Zörb; Monika A. Wimmer; Markus Dier; Frank M. Schurr; Jörn Pagel; Adriana Riemenschneider; Hella Kehlenbeck; Til Feike; Bettina Klocke; Robin Lieb; Stefan Kühne; Sandra Krengel-Horney; Julia Gitzel; Abbas El-Hasan; Stefan Thomas; Martin Rieker; Karl Schmid; Thilo Streck; Joachim Ingwersen; Uwe Ludewig; Günter Neumann; Niels Maywald; Torsten Müller; Klára Bradáčová; Markus Göbel; Ellen Kandeler; Sven Marhan; Romina Schuster; Hans-W. Griepentrog; David Reiser; Alexander Stana; Simone Graeff-Hönninger; Sebastian Munz; Dina Otto; Roland Gerhards; Marcus Saile; Wilfried Hermann; Jürgen Schwarz; Markus Frank; Michael Kruse; Hans-Peter Piepho; Peter Rosenkranz; Klaus Wallner; Sabine Zikeli; Georg Petschenka; Nicole Schönleber; Ralf T. Vögele; Enno Bahrs. 2021. "Mineral-Ecological Cropping Systems—A New Approach to Improve Ecosystem Services by Farming without Chemical Synthetic Plant Protection." Agronomy 11, no. 9: 1710.

Primary research articles
Published: 10 March 2020 in Global Change Biology
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Yield development of agricultural crops over time is not merely the result of genetic and agronomic factors, but also the outcome of a complex interaction between climatic and site‐specific soil conditions. However, the influence of past climatic changes on yield trends remains unclear, particularly under consideration of different soil conditions. In this study, we determine the effects of single agro‐meteorological factors on the evolution of German winter wheat yields between 1958 and 2015 from 298 published N‐fertilization experiments. For this purpose, we separate climatic from genetic and agronomic yield effects using linear mixed effect models and estimate the climatic influence based on a coefficient of determination for these models. We found earlier occurrence of wheat growth stages, and shortened development phases except for the phase of stem elongation. Agro‐meteorological factors are defined as climate covariates related to the growth of winter wheat. Our results indicate a general and strong effect of agro‐climatic changes on yield development, in particular due to increasing mean temperatures and heat stress events during the grain‐filling period. Except for heat stress days with more than 31°C, yields at sites with higher yield potential were less prone to adverse weather effects than at sites with lower yield potential. Our data furthermore reveal that a potential yield levelling, as found for many West‐European countries, predominantly occurred at sites with relatively low yield potential and about one decade earlier (mid‐1980s) compared to averaged yield data for the whole of Germany. Interestingly, effects related to high precipitation events were less relevant than temperature related effects and became relevant particularly during the vegetative growth phase. Overall, this study emphasizes the sensitivity of yield productivity to past climatic conditions, under consideration of regional differences, and underlines the necessity of finding adaptation strategies for food production under on‐going and expected climate change.

ACS Style

Eric Bönecke; Laura Breitsameter; Nicolas Brüggemann; Tsu‐Wei Chen; Til Feike; Henning Kage; Kurt‐Christian Kersebaum; Hans‐Peter Piepho; Hartmut Stützel. Decoupling of impact factors reveals the response of German winter wheat yields to climatic changes. Global Change Biology 2020, 26, 3601 -3626.

AMA Style

Eric Bönecke, Laura Breitsameter, Nicolas Brüggemann, Tsu‐Wei Chen, Til Feike, Henning Kage, Kurt‐Christian Kersebaum, Hans‐Peter Piepho, Hartmut Stützel. Decoupling of impact factors reveals the response of German winter wheat yields to climatic changes. Global Change Biology. 2020; 26 (6):3601-3626.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eric Bönecke; Laura Breitsameter; Nicolas Brüggemann; Tsu‐Wei Chen; Til Feike; Henning Kage; Kurt‐Christian Kersebaum; Hans‐Peter Piepho; Hartmut Stützel. 2020. "Decoupling of impact factors reveals the response of German winter wheat yields to climatic changes." Global Change Biology 26, no. 6: 3601-3626.

Journal article
Published: 21 January 2020 in Sustainability
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Nitrogen (N) pulse is a frequent event in agroecosystems caused by fertilization. Understanding the responses of nitrogen metabolisms in native crops and invasive weeds to N pulses is essential in investigating the invasive mechanism of invasive weeds. A pot experiment was carried out to study the impacts of N pulse and the interspecific competition on nitrogen metabolism of an invasive weed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and a native crop (Glycine max); the plants were applied with an equal amount of N in three N pulse treatments, i.e., sole-summit treatment (SS) with N only applied on the seeding date, double-summit treatment (DS) with twice N applied (the fertilizer was applied on both the seeding date and the flowering date), and no-summit treatment (NS) in which N was applied evenly during the experiment. The results showed that A. retroflexus increased the nitrate reductase (NR) activity more than G. max (except for the roots) in the early growing stage, and increased the glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activities in stem more than G. max in SS and DS treatments during the last two growing stages, however, the advantages were far weaker in the NS treatment. Interspecific competition had negative effects on the nitrogen metabolism of the two species among most of the sample times, and the effects of interspecific competition exerted a tissue-specific influence on nitrogen metabolism in the two species. A. retroflexus switched to reproductive growth earlier in SS treatment than in the DS and NS treatments when it was grown in mixed planting, and its height was the lowest in the NS treatment, so the competitive ability of A. retroflexus was higher in the SS and DS treatments than in the NS treatment, while SS treatment was the common application method of N fertilizer in the G. max farmland in China. Thus, the results of this study suggest that, if the farmer changed the N fertilizer application mode to a constant multiple fertilization mode, the competitive capacity of A. retroflexus will be reduced.

ACS Style

Baiwen Jiang; Xue Zhou; Ping Lu; Qi Li; Haonan Yang; Til Feike; Luyang Zhang; Jiunian Guan; Wei Zhao; Haiying Liu. Nitrogen Pulse and Competition Affects Nitrogen Metabolism in Invasive Weed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and Native Crop (Glycine max). Sustainability 2020, 12, 772 .

AMA Style

Baiwen Jiang, Xue Zhou, Ping Lu, Qi Li, Haonan Yang, Til Feike, Luyang Zhang, Jiunian Guan, Wei Zhao, Haiying Liu. Nitrogen Pulse and Competition Affects Nitrogen Metabolism in Invasive Weed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and Native Crop (Glycine max). Sustainability. 2020; 12 (3):772.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Baiwen Jiang; Xue Zhou; Ping Lu; Qi Li; Haonan Yang; Til Feike; Luyang Zhang; Jiunian Guan; Wei Zhao; Haiying Liu. 2020. "Nitrogen Pulse and Competition Affects Nitrogen Metabolism in Invasive Weed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and Native Crop (Glycine max)." Sustainability 12, no. 3: 772.

Journal article
Published: 10 August 2018 in Ecosystem Services
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Ecosystems around the world generate a wide range of services. Often, there are trade-offs in ecosystem service provision. Managing such trade-offs requires governance of interdependent action situations. We distinguished between (1) enhancing action situations where beneficiaries create, maintain, or improve an ESS and (2) appropriation action situations where actors subtract from a flow of ESS. We classified ESSs in order to identify focal action situations and link them to ESS governance types which are likely to strengthen sustainable ecosystem management. The classification is applied to six forest cases in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Our results confirm that ecosystem management, which more strongly supports the provision of public goods and common pool resources, is often under strong pressure to be transformed into systems that mainly provide private goods. This can be partly explained by incentive constellations in the action situations of public goods and common pool resources. Therefore, governance has to be adapted to specific ESSs. ESS governance needs to identify institutions which best fit to different ESSs and to harmonize them for all the ESSs provided by the system. Our approach helps to understand why institutions fail or succeed in maintaining ESSs.

ACS Style

Thomas Falk; Joachim H. Spangenberg; Marianna Siegmund-Schultze; Susanne Kobbe; Til Feike; Daniel Kuebler; Josef Settele; Tobias Vorlaufer. Identifying governance challenges in ecosystem services management – Conceptual considerations and comparison of global forest cases. Ecosystem Services 2018, 32, 193 -203.

AMA Style

Thomas Falk, Joachim H. Spangenberg, Marianna Siegmund-Schultze, Susanne Kobbe, Til Feike, Daniel Kuebler, Josef Settele, Tobias Vorlaufer. Identifying governance challenges in ecosystem services management – Conceptual considerations and comparison of global forest cases. Ecosystem Services. 2018; 32 ():193-203.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Thomas Falk; Joachim H. Spangenberg; Marianna Siegmund-Schultze; Susanne Kobbe; Til Feike; Daniel Kuebler; Josef Settele; Tobias Vorlaufer. 2018. "Identifying governance challenges in ecosystem services management – Conceptual considerations and comparison of global forest cases." Ecosystem Services 32, no. : 193-203.

Original paper
Published: 04 May 2018 in Theoretical and Applied Climatology
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Climate change has been recognized as a main driver in the increasing occurrence of extreme weather. Weather indices (WIs) are used to assess extreme weather conditions regarding its impact on crop yields. Designing WIs is challenging, since complex and dynamic crop-climate relationships have to be considered. As a consequence, geodata for WI calculations have to represent both the spatio-temporal dynamic of crop development and corresponding weather conditions. In this study, we introduce a WI design framework for Germany, which is based on public and open raster data of long-term spatio-temporal availability. The operational process chain enables the dynamic and automatic definition of relevant phenological phases for the main cultivated crops in Germany. Within the temporal bounds, WIs can be calculated for any year and test site in Germany in a reproducible and transparent manner. The workflow is demonstrated on the example of a simple cumulative rainfall index for the phenological phase shooting of winter wheat using 16 test sites and the period between 1994 and 2014. Compared to station-based approaches, the major advantage of our approach is the possibility to design spatial WIs based on raster data characterized by accuracy metrics. Raster data and WIs, which fulfill data quality standards, can contribute to an increased acceptance and farmers’ trust in WI products for crop yield modeling or weather index-based insurances (WIIs).

ACS Style

Markus Möller; Juliane Doms; Henning Gerstmann; Til Feike. A framework for standardized calculation of weather indices in Germany. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 2018, 136, 377 -390.

AMA Style

Markus Möller, Juliane Doms, Henning Gerstmann, Til Feike. A framework for standardized calculation of weather indices in Germany. Theoretical and Applied Climatology. 2018; 136 (1-2):377-390.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Markus Möller; Juliane Doms; Henning Gerstmann; Til Feike. 2018. "A framework for standardized calculation of weather indices in Germany." Theoretical and Applied Climatology 136, no. 1-2: 377-390.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2018 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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ACS Style

Maryam Tahmasebi; Til Feike; Afshin Soltani; Mahmoud Ramroudi; Nan Ha. Trade-off between productivity and environmental sustainability in irrigated vs. rainfed wheat production in Iran. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018, 174, 367 -379.

AMA Style

Maryam Tahmasebi, Til Feike, Afshin Soltani, Mahmoud Ramroudi, Nan Ha. Trade-off between productivity and environmental sustainability in irrigated vs. rainfed wheat production in Iran. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018; 174 ():367-379.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maryam Tahmasebi; Til Feike; Afshin Soltani; Mahmoud Ramroudi; Nan Ha. 2018. "Trade-off between productivity and environmental sustainability in irrigated vs. rainfed wheat production in Iran." Journal of Cleaner Production 174, no. : 367-379.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2017 in Water Resources and Economics
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ACS Style

Ling Yee Khor; Til Feike. Economic sustainability of irrigation practices in arid cotton production. Water Resources and Economics 2017, 20, 40 -52.

AMA Style

Ling Yee Khor, Til Feike. Economic sustainability of irrigation practices in arid cotton production. Water Resources and Economics. 2017; 20 ():40-52.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ling Yee Khor; Til Feike. 2017. "Economic sustainability of irrigation practices in arid cotton production." Water Resources and Economics 20, no. : 40-52.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2017 in Agricultural Water Management
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ACS Style

Til Feike; Ling Yee Khor; Yusuyunjiang Mamitimin; Nan Ha; Lin Li; Nurbay Abdusalih; Haifeng Xiao; Reiner Doluschitz. Determinants of cotton farmers’ irrigation water management in arid Northwestern China. Agricultural Water Management 2017, 187, 1 -10.

AMA Style

Til Feike, Ling Yee Khor, Yusuyunjiang Mamitimin, Nan Ha, Lin Li, Nurbay Abdusalih, Haifeng Xiao, Reiner Doluschitz. Determinants of cotton farmers’ irrigation water management in arid Northwestern China. Agricultural Water Management. 2017; 187 ():1-10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Til Feike; Ling Yee Khor; Yusuyunjiang Mamitimin; Nan Ha; Lin Li; Nurbay Abdusalih; Haifeng Xiao; Reiner Doluschitz. 2017. "Determinants of cotton farmers’ irrigation water management in arid Northwestern China." Agricultural Water Management 187, no. : 1-10.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2017 in Ecological Economics
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ACS Style

Til Feike; Martin Henseler. Multiple Policy Instruments for Sustainable Water Management in Crop Production - A Modeling Study for the Chinese Aksu-Tarim Region. Ecological Economics 2017, 135, 42 -54.

AMA Style

Til Feike, Martin Henseler. Multiple Policy Instruments for Sustainable Water Management in Crop Production - A Modeling Study for the Chinese Aksu-Tarim Region. Ecological Economics. 2017; 135 ():42-54.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Til Feike; Martin Henseler. 2017. "Multiple Policy Instruments for Sustainable Water Management in Crop Production - A Modeling Study for the Chinese Aksu-Tarim Region." Ecological Economics 135, no. : 42-54.

Original paper
Published: 17 February 2017 in Theoretical and Applied Climatology
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Climate change constitutes a major challenge for high productivity in wheat, the most widely grown crop in Germany. Extreme weather events including dry spells and heat waves, which negatively affect wheat yields, are expected to aggravate in the future. It is crucial to improve the understanding of the spatiotemporal development of such extreme weather events and the respective crop-climate relationships in Germany. Thus, the present study is a first attempt to evaluate the historic development of relevant drought and heat-related extreme weather events from 1901 to 2010 on county level (NUTS-3) in Germany. Three simple drought indices and two simple heat stress indices were used in the analysis. A continuous increase in dry spells over time was observed over the investigated periods from 1901–1930, 1931–1960, 1961–1990 to 2001–2010. Short and medium dry spells, i.e., precipitation-free periods longer than 5 and 8 days, respectively, increased more strongly compared to longer dry spells (longer than 11 days). The heat-related stress indices with maximum temperatures above 25 and 28 °C during critical wheat growth phases showed no significant increase over the first three periods but an especially sharp increase in the final 1991–2010 period with the increases being particularly pronounced in parts of Southwestern Germany. Trend analysis over the entire 110-year period using Mann-Kendall test revealed a significant positive trend for all investigated indices except for heat stress above 25 °C during flowering period. The analysis of county-level yield data from 1981 to 2010 revealed declining spatial yield variability and rather constant temporal yield variability over the three investigated (1981–1990, 1991–2000, and 2001–2010) decades. A clear spatial gradient manifested over time with variability in the West being much smaller than in the east of Germany. Correlating yield variability with the previously analyzed extreme weather indices revealed strong spatiotemporal fluctuations in explanatory power of the different indices over all German counties and the three time periods. Over the 30 years, yield deviations were increasingly well correlated with heat and drought-related indices, with the number of days with maximum temperature above 25 °C during anthesis showing a sharp increase in explanatory power over entire Germany in the final 2001–2010 period.

ACS Style

Andrea B. Lüttger; Til Feike. Development of heat and drought related extreme weather events and their effect on winter wheat yields in Germany. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 2017, 132, 15 -29.

AMA Style

Andrea B. Lüttger, Til Feike. Development of heat and drought related extreme weather events and their effect on winter wheat yields in Germany. Theoretical and Applied Climatology. 2017; 132 (1-2):15-29.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrea B. Lüttger; Til Feike. 2017. "Development of heat and drought related extreme weather events and their effect on winter wheat yields in Germany." Theoretical and Applied Climatology 132, no. 1-2: 15-29.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Klimawandel – Modellierung und Anpassungsstrategien im Pflanzenschutz
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ACS Style

Hella Kehlenbeck; Sandra Krengel; Petra Seidel; Til Feike; Burkhard Golla; Jürgen Schwarz. Klimawandel – Modellierung und Anpassungsstrategien im Pflanzenschutz. Klimawandel – Modellierung und Anpassungsstrategien im Pflanzenschutz 2017, 69, 56 -59.

AMA Style

Hella Kehlenbeck, Sandra Krengel, Petra Seidel, Til Feike, Burkhard Golla, Jürgen Schwarz. Klimawandel – Modellierung und Anpassungsstrategien im Pflanzenschutz. Klimawandel – Modellierung und Anpassungsstrategien im Pflanzenschutz. 2017; 69 (2):56-59.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hella Kehlenbeck; Sandra Krengel; Petra Seidel; Til Feike; Burkhard Golla; Jürgen Schwarz. 2017. "Klimawandel – Modellierung und Anpassungsstrategien im Pflanzenschutz." Klimawandel – Modellierung und Anpassungsstrategien im Pflanzenschutz 69, no. 2: 56-59.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2016 in Journal of Integrative Agriculture
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ACS Style

Xiu-Wei Liu; Til Feike; Su-Ying Chen; Li-Wei Shao; Hong-Yong Sun; Xi-Ying Zhang. Effects of saline irrigation on soil salt accumulation and grain yield in the winter wheat-summer maize double cropping system in the low plain of North China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016, 15, 2886 -2898.

AMA Style

Xiu-Wei Liu, Til Feike, Su-Ying Chen, Li-Wei Shao, Hong-Yong Sun, Xi-Ying Zhang. Effects of saline irrigation on soil salt accumulation and grain yield in the winter wheat-summer maize double cropping system in the low plain of North China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 2016; 15 (12):2886-2898.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiu-Wei Liu; Til Feike; Su-Ying Chen; Li-Wei Shao; Hong-Yong Sun; Xi-Ying Zhang. 2016. "Effects of saline irrigation on soil salt accumulation and grain yield in the winter wheat-summer maize double cropping system in the low plain of North China." Journal of Integrative Agriculture 15, no. 12: 2886-2898.

Research article
Published: 09 September 2016 in PLOS ONE
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The major wheat production region of China the North China Plain (NCP) is seriously affected by air pollution. In this study, yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was analyzed with respect to the potential impact of air pollution index under conditions of optimal crop management in the NCP from 2001 to 2012. Results showed that air pollution was especially serious at the early phase of winter wheat growth significantly influencing various weather factors. However, no significant correlations were found between final grain yield and the weather factors during the early growth phase. In contrast, significant correlations were found between grain yield and total solar radiation gap, sunshine hour gap, diurnal temperature range and relative humidity during the late growing phase. To disentangle the confounding effects of various weather factors, and test the isolated effect of air pollution induced changes in incoming global solar radiation on yield under ceteris paribus conditions, crop model based scenario-analysis was conducted. The simulation results of the calibrated Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) model indicated that a reduction in radiation by 10% might cause a yield reduction by more than 10%. Increasing incident radiation by 10% would lead to yield increases of (only) 7%, with the effects being much stronger during the late growing phase compared to the early growing phase. However, there is evidence that APSIM overestimates the effect of air pollution induced changes on radiation, as it does not consider the changes in radiative properties of solar insulation, i.e. the relative increase of diffuse over direct radiation, which may partly alleviate the negative effects of reduced total radiation by air pollution. Concluding, the present study could not detect a significantly negative effect of air pollution on wheat yields in the NCP.

ACS Style

Xiuwei Liu; Hongyong Sun; Til Feike; Xiying Zhang; Liwei Shao; Suying Chen. Assessing the Impact of Air Pollution on Grain Yield of Winter Wheat - A Case Study in the North China Plain. PLOS ONE 2016, 11, e0162655 .

AMA Style

Xiuwei Liu, Hongyong Sun, Til Feike, Xiying Zhang, Liwei Shao, Suying Chen. Assessing the Impact of Air Pollution on Grain Yield of Winter Wheat - A Case Study in the North China Plain. PLOS ONE. 2016; 11 (9):e0162655.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiuwei Liu; Hongyong Sun; Til Feike; Xiying Zhang; Liwei Shao; Suying Chen. 2016. "Assessing the Impact of Air Pollution on Grain Yield of Winter Wheat - A Case Study in the North China Plain." PLOS ONE 11, no. 9: e0162655.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2016 in CATENA
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Xiuwei Liu; Til Feike; Liwei Shao; Hongyong Sun; Suying Chen; Xiying Zhang. Effects of different irrigation regimes on soil compaction in a winter wheat–summer maize cropping system in the North China Plain. CATENA 2016, 137, 70 -76.

AMA Style

Xiuwei Liu, Til Feike, Liwei Shao, Hongyong Sun, Suying Chen, Xiying Zhang. Effects of different irrigation regimes on soil compaction in a winter wheat–summer maize cropping system in the North China Plain. CATENA. 2016; 137 ():70-76.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xiuwei Liu; Til Feike; Liwei Shao; Hongyong Sun; Suying Chen; Xiying Zhang. 2016. "Effects of different irrigation regimes on soil compaction in a winter wheat–summer maize cropping system in the North China Plain." CATENA 137, no. : 70-76.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2015 in Journal of Environmental Management
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Overuse of nitrogen (N) fertilizer constitutes the major issue of current crop production in China, exerting a substantial effect on global warming through massive emission of greenhouse gas (GHG). Despite the ongoing effort, which includes the promotion of technologically sophisticated N management schemes, farmers' N rates maintain at excessive rates. Therefore the current study tests three simple and easily to apply N fertilizer recommendation strategies, which could be implemented on large scale through the existing agricultural advisory system of China, at comparatively low cost. Building on a detailed crop production dataset of 65 winter wheat (WW) and summer maize (SM) producing farm households of the North China Plain, scenario analysis is applied. The effects of the three N strategies under constant and changing yield levels on product carbon footprint (PCF) and gross margin (GM) are determined for the production condition of every individual farm household. The N fixed rate strategy realized the highest improvement potential in PCF and GM in WW; while the N coefficient strategy performed best in SM. The analysis furthermore revealed that improved N management has a significant positive effect on PCF, but only a marginal and insignificant effect on GM. On the other side, a potential 10% yield loss would have only a marginal effect on PCF, but a detrimental effect on farmers' income. With farmers currently applying excessive N rates as "cheap insurance" against potential N limitation, it will be of vital importance to avoid any yield reductions (caused by N limitation) and respective severe financial losses, when promoting and implementing advanced fertilization strategies. To achieve this, it is furthermore recommended to increase the price of fertilizer, improve the agricultural extensions system, and recognize farmers' fertilizer related decision-making processes as key research areas.

ACS Style

Nan Ha; Til Feike; Hans Back; Haifeng Xiao; Enno Bahrs. The effect of simple nitrogen fertilizer recommendation strategies on product carbon footprint and gross margin of wheat and maize production in the North China Plain. Journal of Environmental Management 2015, 163, 146 -154.

AMA Style

Nan Ha, Til Feike, Hans Back, Haifeng Xiao, Enno Bahrs. The effect of simple nitrogen fertilizer recommendation strategies on product carbon footprint and gross margin of wheat and maize production in the North China Plain. Journal of Environmental Management. 2015; 163 ():146-154.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nan Ha; Til Feike; Hans Back; Haifeng Xiao; Enno Bahrs. 2015. "The effect of simple nitrogen fertilizer recommendation strategies on product carbon footprint and gross margin of wheat and maize production in the North China Plain." Journal of Environmental Management 163, no. : 146-154.

Journal article
Published: 19 October 2015 in Water
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Water pricing is regarded as the most important and simplest economic instrument to encourage more efficient use of irrigation water in crop production. In the extremely water-scarce Tarim River basin in northwest China, improving water use efficiency has high relevance for research and policy. A Bayesian network modeling approach was applied, which is especially suitable under data-scarce conditions and the complex geo-hydrological, socioeconomic, and institutional settings of the study region, as it allows the integration of data from various types of sources. The transdisciplinary approach aimed at understanding the actual water pricing practices, the shortcomings of the current system, and possible ways of improvement. In an iterative procedure of expert interviews and group workshops, the key factors related to water pricing and water use efficiency were identified. The interactions among specific factors were defined by the respective experts, generating a causal network, which describes all relevant aspects of the investigated system. This network was finally populated with probabilistic relationships through a second round of expert interviews and group discussions. The Bayesian modeling exercise was then conducted using Netica software. The modeling results show that the mere increase of water price does not lead to significant increases in water use efficiency in crop production. Additionally, the model suggests a shift to volumetric water pricing, subsidization of water saving irrigation technology, and advancing agricultural extension to enable the farmer to efficiently react to increased costs for water. The applied participatory modeling approach helped to stimulate communication among relevant stakeholders from different domains in the region, which is necessary to create mutual understanding and joint targeted action. Finally, the challenges related to the applied transdisciplinary Bayesian modeling approach are discussed in the Chinese context.

ACS Style

Yusuyunjiang Mamitimin; Til Feike; Reiner Doluschitz. Bayesian Network Modeling to Improve Water Pricing Practices in Northwest China. Water 2015, 7, 5617 -5637.

AMA Style

Yusuyunjiang Mamitimin, Til Feike, Reiner Doluschitz. Bayesian Network Modeling to Improve Water Pricing Practices in Northwest China. Water. 2015; 7 (10):5617-5637.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yusuyunjiang Mamitimin; Til Feike; Reiner Doluschitz. 2015. "Bayesian Network Modeling to Improve Water Pricing Practices in Northwest China." Water 7, no. 10: 5617-5637.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2015 in Journal of Integrative Agriculture
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Li-Wei Zhang; Til Feike; Jirko Holst; Christa Hoffmann; Reiner Doluschitz. Comparison of energy consumption and economic performance of organic and conventional soybean production — A case study from Jilin Province, China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015, 14, 1561 -1572.

AMA Style

Li-Wei Zhang, Til Feike, Jirko Holst, Christa Hoffmann, Reiner Doluschitz. Comparison of energy consumption and economic performance of organic and conventional soybean production — A case study from Jilin Province, China. Journal of Integrative Agriculture. 2015; 14 (8):1561-1572.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Li-Wei Zhang; Til Feike; Jirko Holst; Christa Hoffmann; Reiner Doluschitz. 2015. "Comparison of energy consumption and economic performance of organic and conventional soybean production — A case study from Jilin Province, China." Journal of Integrative Agriculture 14, no. 8: 1561-1572.

Research article
Published: 09 March 2015 in Earth System Dynamics
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The Tarim River basin, located in Xinjiang, NW China, is the largest endorheic river basin in China and one of the largest in all of Central Asia. Due to the extremely arid climate, with an annual precipitation of less than 100 mm, the water supply along the Aksu and Tarim rivers solely depends on river water. This is linked to anthropogenic activities (e.g., agriculture) and natural and semi-natural ecosystems as both compete for water. The ongoing increase in water consumption by agriculture and other human activities in this region has been enhancing the competition for water between human needs and nature. Against this background, 11 German and 6 Chinese universities and research institutes have formed the consortium SuMaRiO (Sustainable Management of River Oases along the Tarim River; http://www.sumario.de), which aims to create a holistic picture of the availability of water resources in the Tarim River basin and the impacts on anthropogenic activities and natural ecosystems caused by the water distribution within the Tarim River basin. On the basis of the results from field studies and modeling approaches as well as from suggestions by the relevant regional stakeholders, a decision support tool (DST) will be implemented that will then assist stakeholders in balancing the competition for water, acknowledging the major external effects of water allocation to agriculture and to natural ecosystems. This consortium was formed in 2011 and is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. As the data collection phase was finished this year, the paper presented here brings together the results from the fields from the disciplines of climate modeling, cryology, hydrology, agricultural sciences, ecology, geoinformatics, and social sciences in order to present a comprehensive picture of the effects of different water availability schemes on anthropogenic activities and natural ecosystems along the Tarim River. The second objective is to present the project structure of the whole consortium, the current status of work (i.e., major new results and findings), explain the foundation of the decision support tool as a key product of this project, and conclude with application recommendations for the region. The discharge of the Aksu River, which is the major tributary of the Tarim, has been increasing over the past 6 decades. From 1989 to 2011, agricultural area more than doubled: cotton became the major crop and there was a shift from small-scale to large-scale intensive farming. The ongoing increase in irrigated agricultural land leads to the increased threat of salinization and soil degradation caused by increased evapotranspiration. Aside from agricultural land, the major natural and semi-natural ecosystems are riparian (Tugai) forests, shrub vegetation, reed beds, and other grassland, as well as urban and peri-urban vegetation. Within the SuMaRiO cluster, focus has been set on the Tugai forests, with Populus euphratica as the dominant tree species, because these forests belong to the most productive and species-rich natural ecosystems of the Tarim River basin. At sites close to the groundwater, the annual stem diameter increments of Populus euphratica correlated with the river runoffs of the previous year. However, the natural river dynamics cease along the downstream course and thus hamper the recruitment of Populus euphratica. A study on the willingness to pay for the conservation of the natural ecosystems was conducted to estimate the concern of the people in the region and in China's capital. These household surveys revealed that there is a considerable willingness to pay for conservation of the natural ecosystems, with mitigation of dust and sandstorms considered the most important ecosystem service. Stakeholder dialogues contributed to creating a scientific basis for a sustainable management in the future.

ACS Style

C. Rumbaur; N. Thevs; M. Disse; M. Ahlheim; A. Brieden; B. Cyffka; D. Duethmann; T. Feike; O. Frör; P. Gärtner; Ü. Halik; J. Hill; M. Hinnenthal; P. Keilholz; B. Kleinschmit; V. Krysanova; M. Kuba; S. Mader; C. Menz; H. Othmanli; S. Pelz; M. Schroeder; T. F. Siew; V. Stender; K. Stahr; F. M. Thomas; M. Welp; M. Wortmann; X. Zhao; X. Chen; T. Jiang; J. Luo; H. Yimit; R. Yu; X. Zhang; C. Zhao. Sustainable management of river oases along the Tarim River (SuMaRiO) in Northwest China under conditions of climate change. Earth System Dynamics 2015, 6, 83 -107.

AMA Style

C. Rumbaur, N. Thevs, M. Disse, M. Ahlheim, A. Brieden, B. Cyffka, D. Duethmann, T. Feike, O. Frör, P. Gärtner, Ü. Halik, J. Hill, M. Hinnenthal, P. Keilholz, B. Kleinschmit, V. Krysanova, M. Kuba, S. Mader, C. Menz, H. Othmanli, S. Pelz, M. Schroeder, T. F. Siew, V. Stender, K. Stahr, F. M. Thomas, M. Welp, M. Wortmann, X. Zhao, X. Chen, T. Jiang, J. Luo, H. Yimit, R. Yu, X. Zhang, C. Zhao. Sustainable management of river oases along the Tarim River (SuMaRiO) in Northwest China under conditions of climate change. Earth System Dynamics. 2015; 6 (1):83-107.

Chicago/Turabian Style

C. Rumbaur; N. Thevs; M. Disse; M. Ahlheim; A. Brieden; B. Cyffka; D. Duethmann; T. Feike; O. Frör; P. Gärtner; Ü. Halik; J. Hill; M. Hinnenthal; P. Keilholz; B. Kleinschmit; V. Krysanova; M. Kuba; S. Mader; C. Menz; H. Othmanli; S. Pelz; M. Schroeder; T. F. Siew; V. Stender; K. Stahr; F. M. Thomas; M. Welp; M. Wortmann; X. Zhao; X. Chen; T. Jiang; J. Luo; H. Yimit; R. Yu; X. Zhang; C. Zhao. 2015. "Sustainable management of river oases along the Tarim River (SuMaRiO) in Northwest China under conditions of climate change." Earth System Dynamics 6, no. 1: 83-107.

Journal article
Published: 06 November 2014 in International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability
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Nan Ha; Til Feike; Elisabeth Angenendt; Haifeng Xiao; Enno Bahrs. Impact of farm management diversity on the environmental and economic performance of the wheat–maize cropping system in the North China Plain. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability 2014, 13, 350 -366.

AMA Style

Nan Ha, Til Feike, Elisabeth Angenendt, Haifeng Xiao, Enno Bahrs. Impact of farm management diversity on the environmental and economic performance of the wheat–maize cropping system in the North China Plain. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability. 2014; 13 (4):350-366.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nan Ha; Til Feike; Elisabeth Angenendt; Haifeng Xiao; Enno Bahrs. 2014. "Impact of farm management diversity on the environmental and economic performance of the wheat–maize cropping system in the North China Plain." International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability 13, no. 4: 350-366.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2014 in Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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Sebastian Munz; Til Feike; Qing Chen; Wilhelm Claupein; Simone Graeff-Hönninger. Understanding interactions between cropping pattern, maize cultivar and the local environment in strip-intercropping systems. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 2014, 195-196, 152 -164.

AMA Style

Sebastian Munz, Til Feike, Qing Chen, Wilhelm Claupein, Simone Graeff-Hönninger. Understanding interactions between cropping pattern, maize cultivar and the local environment in strip-intercropping systems. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 2014; 195-196 ():152-164.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sebastian Munz; Til Feike; Qing Chen; Wilhelm Claupein; Simone Graeff-Hönninger. 2014. "Understanding interactions between cropping pattern, maize cultivar and the local environment in strip-intercropping systems." Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 195-196, no. : 152-164.