Building Information Modelling (BIM) has increasingly transformed global architectural and construction practices by enhancing collaboration, design accuracy, and project efficiency. However, BIM adoption remains slow in several developing countries, including Nigeria, where architectural firms play a critical role in driving digital transformation across the wider construction sector. This study investigates the current level of BIM implementation within Nigerian architectural practices and identifies key factors that either enable or constrain its uptake. Survey findings (77 responses; 77% response rate), analysed using SPSS 26.0 and the Relative Importance Index (RII), reveal that although some firms have begun integrating BIM tools, many still rely heavily on traditional 2D CAD (Computer-Aided Design) workflows. Major barriers include high software acquisition and maintenance costs, limited technical expertise, and insufficient organisational readiness. The results highlight the urgent need for government incentives, targeted capacity-building programmes, and industry-wide digital skill development to accelerate BIM diffusion among architectural firms, whose early adoption is essential for sector-wide modernisation. Future research should explore how socio-technical alignment can reshape BIM-enabled workflows to generate measurable value for clients, contractors, and end users. Examining collaborative data environments, information exchange standards, and participatory design practices will be crucial for demonstrating BIM’s long-term return on investment and establishing sustainable digital transformation pathways within Nigeria’s architectural and construction industries.

Integrating technology in architectural model-making, particularly 3D printers, has transformed the design process, enhancing precision, efficiency, and creative potential. 3D printing allows architects to rapidly produce complex physical models with high levels of detail that traditional handcrafting methods often struggle to achieve. This technology supports the design processes, enabling faster prototyping and experimentation with various forms and structures. It also promotes sustainability by reducing material waste and encouraging the use of eco-friendly materials. Furthermore, digital fabrication tools such as 3D printers facilitate collaboration and communication by providing clear, tangible representations of architectural concepts. As a result, it has become an essential tool in contemporary model-making, enhancing creativity, precision, and innovation in both educational and professional settings. Using advanced technology in model-making reshapes architectural education and practice, drives innovation, and improves workflow efficiency. This paper presents the modelmaking process for the Zarqa University campus in Jordan, and the challenges it faces throughout the work, it also highlights the pluses and minuses of using this technology.