Given the heightened importance of revolutionising 4D BIM-based construction scheduling in modular construction, it has become vital to explore how 4D-BIM could be integrated with the lean concept. Therefore, this research aims to develop a lean-integrated process model to revolutionise the 4D BIM-based construction scheduling in modular construction projects. A case study approach was used to obtain the data. The data was obtained using semi-structured interviews with construction scheduling professionals, site observations, and extracts from the BIM model used within the selected case in the UK. Findings showed that conventional (component/object based) 4D BIM supersedes conventional scheduling methods in terms of foreseeing potential implications during design and construction. The findings also showed that lean-integrated 4D BIM in modular construction have different considerations when compared with component/object-based scheduling. A lean-integrated 4D BIM process model was developed from the analysis and it was validated using an interactive workshop with eight participants from two UK construction companies and two modular construction manufacturers. The developed process model identified a number of considerations for 4D BIM in modular projects including constructability, operations, health and safety risks and time. This study suggested the further potential of 4D BIM in scheduling for modular construction projects.

Purpose: The United Kingdom (UK) construction sector is transforming with increasing confidence in offsite construction (OSC) solutions following its accrued benefits. To sustain this momentum, exploring viable strategies to promote successful OSC implementation is a top priority. This paper aims to identify and establish interrelationships and logical dependencies of critical success factors (CSFs) for implementing OSC on building projects in the UK.Design/methodology/approach: This study utilised a qualitative research approach. Following a critical review of extant literature, brainstorming and focus group sessions were carried out with OSC experts in the UK construction industry to identify and contextualise CSFs for OSC implementation. Interpretive structural modelling (ISM) and matrix impact cross-reference multiplication applied to a classification (MICMAC) were used to analyse and model the interrelationships between the contextualised CSFs.Findings: The study identified eighteen CSFs for implementing OSC on projects in the UK positioned on seven hierarchical levels and clustered into dependent, linkage and independent factors. The top five CSFs established were client commitment, top management support, adequate OSC knowledge and experience, flexible leadership and flexible business models. These were located at the base of the ISM model, possessing the highest driving powers in facilitating the successful implementation of OSC on projects.Originality/value: This study established a hierarchical interrelationship and the importance of the CSFs influencing the successful implementation of OSC. This would assist OSC clients and project teams in identifying and prioritising particular areas for strategic actions, which offer advantages in pursuing successful OSC project outcomes in the UK. Previous research on OSC implementation in the UK had not examined CSFs' interrelationships.

Major efforts have been invested in the UK Residential sector to meet the increasing housing demands, deliver sustainability, and improve its resiliency against many uncertainties. While data/information within the UK residential sector relating to location, sizes and volumes are annually updated, there is limited emphasis on the methods of construction that support meeting housing demands. Over the years, it has been recognised that the UK residential sector has been dominated by two methods of construction: timber frame and masonry. This study aims to holistically compare timber frames with masonry as the two domineering construction methods for the UK residential sector. The comparison will be based on build costs, preference and drivers by construction professionals, longevity and consumer confidence, and sustainability. The research methodology was developed based on applying mixed methods of quantitative data analysis of build costs and qualitative data assessment of semi-structured interviews. The findings showed that, from a build cost perspective, masonry methods of construction are a more cost-effective choice with major variation in material cost. However, although the masonry method of construction was more favoured, in many respects, small-in-size developers show more tendency to timber frames, as this is being rationalised by meeting sustainability targets. Practical implications show that the future of the residential sector in meeting the housing demands would heavily depend on Modern Methods of Construction (MMC), as it offers a more optimised mechanism; however, the uptake of this is considerably low. Future studies will enquire into pillars to make MMC efficient in the UK residential sector.

Building Information Modelling (BIM) has increasingly transformed global architectural and construction practices by enhancing collaboration, design accuracy, and project efficiency. However, BIM adoption remains slow in several developing countries, including Nigeria, where architectural firms play a critical role in driving digital transformation across the wider construction sector. This study investigates the current level of BIM implementation within Nigerian architectural practices and identifies key factors that either enable or constrain its uptake. Survey findings (77 responses; 77% response rate), analysed using SPSS 26.0 and the Relative Importance Index (RII), reveal that although some firms have begun integrating BIM tools, many still rely heavily on traditional 2D CAD (Computer-Aided Design) workflows. Major barriers include high software acquisition and maintenance costs, limited technical expertise, and insufficient organisational readiness. The results highlight the urgent need for government incentives, targeted capacity-building programmes, and industry-wide digital skill development to accelerate BIM diffusion among architectural firms, whose early adoption is essential for sector-wide modernisation. Future research should explore how socio-technical alignment can reshape BIM-enabled workflows to generate measurable value for clients, contractors, and end users. Examining collaborative data environments, information exchange standards, and participatory design practices will be crucial for demonstrating BIM’s long-term return on investment and establishing sustainable digital transformation pathways within Nigeria’s architectural and construction industries.

The challenges of historic building adaption for reuse are well documented and often refer to building fabric, listed status, historical significance, environmental sustainability, and structural layout as limitations to their successful re-development. However, few studies have explored how such issues manifest in the operational use of historic buildings developed for reuse, the significance on cities, and the long-term socioeconomic value. This study proposes a stewardship-based strategy to manage facilities to improve the socioeconomic value of historic buildings and support the socioeconomic demand in cities and territories. Within the context of a selected case study in the UK, a mixed-method approach was used to attain the data. Quantitative evidence, using a questionnaire survey with building users, and qualitative evidence, using semi-structured interviews with the facility management team, are presented. The results suggest that historic buildings are empowered by an organisational stewardship strategy, resulting in an acceptable operational compromise that involves an acceptance of building issues and their impact on the building users’ experience, and this can support the more operational adaption of facilities by the facility management team. The research proposes a stewardship-based strategy to support an improved socioeconomic value by incorporating user perspectives while ensuring a less preservation-centred and a more flexible-oriented approach towards managing facilities in historic buildings. This study constructively forms a base for further research into facility management strategies in historic buildings and their impact on cities’ needs.