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Background: university students are believed to retain the highest levels of health literacy. They are perceived as the opinion leaders within their communities; therefore, their health-related beliefs and attitudes are deemed important for public health campaigns. This study aimed to investigate the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy drivers among university students in the Czech Republic. Methods: a cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire was carried out in the weeks before the unrestricted vaccine deployment to Czech adults. The questionnaire had 21 multiple-choice items stratified in 4 categories; demographic characteristics, COVID-19-related anamnesis and influenza vaccine experience, attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination, and the possible drivers of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy suggested by the WHO-SAGE. Results: out of the 1351 included students, 66.8% were females, 84.5% were Czech nationals, and 40.6% enrolled in healthcare programs. The overall COVID-19 vaccine acceptance level was 73.3%, 19.3% of participants were vaccine-resistant, and only 7.4% were vaccine-hesitant. Trust in the pharmaceutical industry, trust in healthcare providers, and perceived knowledge sufficiency predicted higher odds of vaccine acceptance. In contrast, media and social media, personal beliefs, immunity misconception, previous COVID-19 infection, and suspicions about novel vaccines and the local availability predicted higher odds of vaccine hesitancy. Conclusions: The findings of this study predict a fair probability to achieve community immunity (herd immunity) among the target population group. The primary prevention strategies in the Czech Republic need to be culturally sensitive and inclusive for foreign nationals. As one-quarter of the participating students are dependent on vaccine safety data, this study findings support the call for independent studies evaluating the side effects of COVID-19 vaccines.
Abanoub Riad; Andrea Pokorná; Natália Antalová; Martin Krobot; Nutsa Zviadadze; Iryna Serdiuk; Michal Koščík; Miloslav Klugar. Prevalence and Drivers of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Czech University Students: National Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines 2021, 9, 948 .
AMA StyleAbanoub Riad, Andrea Pokorná, Natália Antalová, Martin Krobot, Nutsa Zviadadze, Iryna Serdiuk, Michal Koščík, Miloslav Klugar. Prevalence and Drivers of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Czech University Students: National Cross-Sectional Study. Vaccines. 2021; 9 (9):948.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbanoub Riad; Andrea Pokorná; Natália Antalová; Martin Krobot; Nutsa Zviadadze; Iryna Serdiuk; Michal Koščík; Miloslav Klugar. 2021. "Prevalence and Drivers of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among Czech University Students: National Cross-Sectional Study." Vaccines 9, no. 9: 948.
Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccine-related side effects have a determinant role in the public decision regarding vaccination. Therefore, this study has been designed to actively monitor the safety and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines globally. Methods: A multi-country, three-phase study including a cross-sectional survey to test for the short-term side effects of COVID-19 vaccines among target population groups. In the second phase, we will monitor the booster doses’ side effects, while in the third phase, the long-term safety and effectiveness will be investigated. A validated, self-administered questionnaire will be used to collect data from the target population; Results: The study protocol has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, with the identifier NCT04834869. Conclusions: CoVaST is the first independent study aiming to monitor the side effects of COVID-19 vaccines following booster doses, and the long-term safety and effectiveness of said vaccines.
Abanoub Riad; Holger Schünemann; Sameh Attia; Tina Peričić; Marija Žuljević; Mikk Jürisson; Ruth Kalda; Katrin Lang; Sudhakar Morankar; Elias Yesuf; Mohamed Mekhemar; Anthony Danso-Appiah; Ahmad Sofi-Mahmudi; Giordano Pérez-Gaxiola; Arkadiusz Dziedzic; João Apóstolo; Daniela Cardoso; Janja Marc; Mayte Moreno-Casbas; Charles Wiysonge; Amir Qaseem; Anna Gryschek; Ivana Tadić; Salman Hussain; Mohammed Khan; Jitka Klugarova; Andrea Pokorna; Michal Koščík; Miloslav Klugar. COVID-19 Vaccines Safety Tracking (CoVaST): Protocol of a Multi-Center Prospective Cohort Study for Active Surveillance of COVID-19 Vaccines’ Side Effects. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 7859 .
AMA StyleAbanoub Riad, Holger Schünemann, Sameh Attia, Tina Peričić, Marija Žuljević, Mikk Jürisson, Ruth Kalda, Katrin Lang, Sudhakar Morankar, Elias Yesuf, Mohamed Mekhemar, Anthony Danso-Appiah, Ahmad Sofi-Mahmudi, Giordano Pérez-Gaxiola, Arkadiusz Dziedzic, João Apóstolo, Daniela Cardoso, Janja Marc, Mayte Moreno-Casbas, Charles Wiysonge, Amir Qaseem, Anna Gryschek, Ivana Tadić, Salman Hussain, Mohammed Khan, Jitka Klugarova, Andrea Pokorna, Michal Koščík, Miloslav Klugar. COVID-19 Vaccines Safety Tracking (CoVaST): Protocol of a Multi-Center Prospective Cohort Study for Active Surveillance of COVID-19 Vaccines’ Side Effects. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (15):7859.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbanoub Riad; Holger Schünemann; Sameh Attia; Tina Peričić; Marija Žuljević; Mikk Jürisson; Ruth Kalda; Katrin Lang; Sudhakar Morankar; Elias Yesuf; Mohamed Mekhemar; Anthony Danso-Appiah; Ahmad Sofi-Mahmudi; Giordano Pérez-Gaxiola; Arkadiusz Dziedzic; João Apóstolo; Daniela Cardoso; Janja Marc; Mayte Moreno-Casbas; Charles Wiysonge; Amir Qaseem; Anna Gryschek; Ivana Tadić; Salman Hussain; Mohammed Khan; Jitka Klugarova; Andrea Pokorna; Michal Koščík; Miloslav Klugar. 2021. "COVID-19 Vaccines Safety Tracking (CoVaST): Protocol of a Multi-Center Prospective Cohort Study for Active Surveillance of COVID-19 Vaccines’ Side Effects." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15: 7859.
Recent reports of thrombosis following AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine in young females (<55 years-old) led to temporary suspension and urgent investigation by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) that concluded that vaccine benefits still outweigh its side effects (SEs). Therefore, this study aims to provide early independent evidence on the vaccine SEs’ prevalence and their potential risk factors; a cross-sectional survey-based study was carried out between February and March 2021 in Germany and Czech Republic among healthcare workers who recently received the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine. The study used a validated self-administered questionnaire composed of twenty-eight multiple-choice items covering demographic variables, medical anamneses, and local, systemic, oral, and skin related SEs of the vaccine. Out of the ninety-two included participants, 77.2% were females and 79.3% were from Germany. Their mean age was 35.37 ± 12.62 (19–64) years-old, 15.2% had chronic illnesses and 22.8% were receiving medical treatments. Overall, 94.6% of the participants reported at least one SE. The most common local SE was injection site pain (72.8%), and the most common systemic SEs were fatigue (73.9%), muscle pain (55.4%), chills (48.9%), feeling unwell (46.7%), nausea (45.7%), and headache (29.3%). The vast majority (91.9%) resolved within 1–3 days, and the below 35 years-old group was the least affected age group. The SEs’ frequency was insignificantly higher in females and previously infected participants; the vaccine safety for the elderly was supported by the early findings of this study. Chronic illnesses and medical treatments were not associated with an increased risk of SE incidence and frequency. No blood disorder SEs were reported in our sample. Further independent studies are highly required to evaluate the safety of the AstraZeneca vaccine and to explore whether gender or previous infection could be associated with the vaccine SEs.
Abanoub Riad; Andrea Pokorná; Mohamed Mekhemar; Jonas Conrad; Jitka Klugarová; Michal Koščík; Miloslav Klugar; Sameh Attia. Safety of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine: Independent Evidence from Two EU States. Vaccines 2021, 9, 673 .
AMA StyleAbanoub Riad, Andrea Pokorná, Mohamed Mekhemar, Jonas Conrad, Jitka Klugarová, Michal Koščík, Miloslav Klugar, Sameh Attia. Safety of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine: Independent Evidence from Two EU States. Vaccines. 2021; 9 (6):673.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbanoub Riad; Andrea Pokorná; Mohamed Mekhemar; Jonas Conrad; Jitka Klugarová; Michal Koščík; Miloslav Klugar; Sameh Attia. 2021. "Safety of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine: Independent Evidence from Two EU States." Vaccines 9, no. 6: 673.
Background: Acceleration of mass vaccination strategies is the only pathway to overcome the COVID-19 pandemic. Healthcare professionals and students have a key role in shaping public opinion about vaccines. This study aimed to evaluate the attitudes of dental students globally towards COVID-19 vaccines and explore the potential drivers for students’ acceptance levels. Methods: A global cross-sectional study was carried out in February 2021 using an online questionnaire. The study was liaised by the scientific committee of the International Association of Dental Students (IADS), and data were collected through the national and local coordinators of IADS member organizations. The dependent variable was the willingness to take the COVID-19 vaccine, and the independent variables included demographic characteristics, COVID-19-related experience, and the drivers of COVID-19 vaccine-related attitude suggested by the WHO SAGE. Results: A total of 6639 students from 22 countries, representing all world regions, responded to the questionnaire properly. Their mean age was 22.1 ± 2.8 (17–40) years, and the majority were females (70.5%), in clinical years (66.8%), and from upper-middle-income economies (45.7%). In general, 22.5% of dental students worldwide were hesitant, and 13.9% rejected COVID-19 vaccines. The students in low- and lower-middle-income (LLMI) economies had significantly higher levels of vaccine hesitancy compared to their peers in upper-middle- and high-income (UMHI) economies (30.4% vs. 19.8%; p< 0.01). Conclusions: The global acceptance level of dental students for COVID-19 vaccines was suboptimal, and their worrisome level of vaccine hesitancy was influenced by the socioeconomic context where the dental students live and study. The media and social media, public figures, insufficient knowledge about vaccines, and mistrust of governments and the pharmaceutical industry were barriers to vaccination. The findings of this study call for further implementation of epidemiology (infectious diseases) education within undergraduate dental curricula.
Abanoub Riad; Huthaifa Abdulqader; Mariana Morgado; Silvi Domnori; Michal Koščík; José Mendes; Miloslav Klugar; Elham Kateeb; on behalf of Iads-Score. Global Prevalence and Drivers of Dental Students’ COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy. Vaccines 2021, 9, 566 .
AMA StyleAbanoub Riad, Huthaifa Abdulqader, Mariana Morgado, Silvi Domnori, Michal Koščík, José Mendes, Miloslav Klugar, Elham Kateeb, on behalf of Iads-Score. Global Prevalence and Drivers of Dental Students’ COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy. Vaccines. 2021; 9 (6):566.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbanoub Riad; Huthaifa Abdulqader; Mariana Morgado; Silvi Domnori; Michal Koščík; José Mendes; Miloslav Klugar; Elham Kateeb; on behalf of Iads-Score. 2021. "Global Prevalence and Drivers of Dental Students’ COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy." Vaccines 9, no. 6: 566.
Background: COVID-19 vaccine side effects have a fundamental role in public confidence in the vaccine and its uptake process. Thus far, the evidence on vaccine safety has exclusively been obtained from the manufacturer-sponsored studies; therefore, this study was designed to provide independent evidence on Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine side effects. Methods: A cross-sectional survey-based study was carried out between January and February 2021 to collect data on the side effects following the COVID-19 vaccine among healthcare workers in the Czech Republic. The study used a validated questionnaire with twenty-eight multiple-choice items covering the participants’ demographic data, medical anamneses, COVID-19-related anamneses, general, oral, and skin-related side effects. Results: Injection site pain (89.8%), fatigue (62.2%), headache (45.6%), muscle pain (37.1%), and chills (33.9%) were the most commonly reported side effects. All the general side effects were more prevalent among the ≤43-year-old group, and their duration was mainly one day (45.1%) or three days (35.8%) following the vaccine. Antihistamines were the most common drugs associated with side effects, thus requiring further investigation. The people with two doses were generally associated with a higher frequency of side effects. Conclusions: The distribution of side effects among Czech healthcare workers was highly consistent with the manufacturer’s data, especially in terms of their association with the younger age group and the second dose. The overall prevalence of some local and systemic side effects was higher than the manufacturer’s report. Further independent studies on vaccine safety are strongly required to strengthen public confidence in the vaccine.
Abanoub Riad; Andrea Pokorná; Sameh Attia; Jitka Klugarová; Michal Koščík; Miloslav Klugar. Prevalence of COVID-19 Vaccine Side Effects among Healthcare Workers in the Czech Republic. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2021, 10, 1428 .
AMA StyleAbanoub Riad, Andrea Pokorná, Sameh Attia, Jitka Klugarová, Michal Koščík, Miloslav Klugar. Prevalence of COVID-19 Vaccine Side Effects among Healthcare Workers in the Czech Republic. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021; 10 (7):1428.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbanoub Riad; Andrea Pokorná; Sameh Attia; Jitka Klugarová; Michal Koščík; Miloslav Klugar. 2021. "Prevalence of COVID-19 Vaccine Side Effects among Healthcare Workers in the Czech Republic." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 7: 1428.
The article aims to describe the current status quo of codes of conduct applied by research institutions to manage data protection issues in light of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). We assessed whether the current codes of conduct meet the criteria of codes of conduct as defined by Article 40 of the GDPR. We have found that there are very few ‘codes of conduct’ or good practices that would meet the definition set out in Article 40 of the GDPR. We have found that universities and research institutions had neither the incentives nor the resources to create internationally binding codes of conduct and settled for declarative documents or internal guidelines. A good level of compliance with the Data Protection Directive and national laws was adopted even without codes of conduct which would apply beyond a single institution or grant agency. We have identified that the demand and need for binding codes of conduct are increasing, albeit only in specific research fields. The main incentive is international cooperation, the need for the standardization of data protocols, and most likely fear of high sanctions introduced by GDPR.
Michal Koščík; Matěj Myška. Data protection and codes of conduct in collaborative research. International Review of Law, Computers & Technology 2018, 32, 141 -154.
AMA StyleMichal Koščík, Matěj Myška. Data protection and codes of conduct in collaborative research. International Review of Law, Computers & Technology. 2018; 32 (1):141-154.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichal Koščík; Matěj Myška. 2018. "Data protection and codes of conduct in collaborative research." International Review of Law, Computers & Technology 32, no. 1: 141-154.
Michal Koščík; Matěj Myška. Database authorship and ownership of sui generis database rights in data-driven research. International Review of Law, Computers & Technology 2017, 31, 43 -67.
AMA StyleMichal Koščík, Matěj Myška. Database authorship and ownership of sui generis database rights in data-driven research. International Review of Law, Computers & Technology. 2017; 31 (1):43-67.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichal Koščík; Matěj Myška. 2017. "Database authorship and ownership of sui generis database rights in data-driven research." International Review of Law, Computers & Technology 31, no. 1: 43-67.