Bacterial infections have become a fatal threat because of the abuse of antibiotics in the world. Various gold (Au)-based nanostructures have been extensively explored as antibacterial agents to combat bacterial infections based on their remarkable chemical and physical characteristics. Many Au-based nanostructures have been designed and their antibacterial activities and mechanisms have been further examined and demonstrated. In this review, we collected and summarized current developments of antibacterial agents of Au-based nanostructures, including Au nanoparticles (AuNPs), Au nanoclusters (AuNCs), Au nanorods (AuNRs), Au nanobipyramids (AuNBPs), and Au nanostars (AuNSs) according to their shapes, sizes, and surface modifications. The rational designs and antibacterial mechanisms of these Au-based nanostructures are further discussed. With the developments of Au-based nanostructures as novel antibacterial agents, we also provide perspectives, challenges, and opportunities for future practical clinical applications.

The bactericidal effects of fluorescent metal nanoclusters have impeded their bacterial bioimaging applications due to the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation that is induced by the nanoclusters in bacteria to cause bacterial death. Herein, an ROS scavenger of cysteine was exploited as a surface ligand to prepare cysteine-conjugated gold nanoclusters (Cys–AuNCs) and cysteine-conjugated silver nanoclusters (Cys–AgNCs) using a facile hydrothermal approach. The structural and optical characterizations demonstrated successful syntheses of Cys–AuNCs and Cys–AgNCs. With the same weight concentration, the bactericidal effect increased in the order of Cys–AuNCs, Cys–AgNCs, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), according to the results of the bacterial growth curves. Furthermore, based on the results of the standard colony-counting method, the Cys–AuNCs revealed the best biocompatibility compared to those of the Cys–AgNCs and AgNPs in Escherichia coli (E. coli). The superior biocompatibility of the Cys–AuNCs can be attributed to the use of the ligand of cysteine as an ROS scavenger to reduce ROS in E. coli. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analyses indicated that the use of the ROS scavenger cysteine as the surface ligand of the Cys–AuNCs eliminated the ROS production induced by the Cys–AuNCs in E. coli. The biocompatible Cys–AuNCs were also confirmed as a fluorescent probe using confocal microscopy. Highly biocompatible Cys–AuNCs could be a potential fluorescent probe in the application of bacterial bioimaging.

Pondok Pesantren adalah lembaga pendidikan agama yang berkembang di masyarakat, serta mempunyai peranan penting dalam mengembangkan sumber daya manusia. Pengembangan sumber daya manusia tidak lepas dari peran pemimpin dan pengelola serta santri di pondok pesantren. Seluruh penghuni pondok pesantren diharapkan kompeten dalam aspek pembangunan moral, spiritual dengan intelektual yang bernuansa agamis, juga menjadi motor penggerak, motivator dan inovator dalam pembangunan kesehatan, termasuk teladan dalam berperilaku hidup bersih dan sehat. Pondok Pesantren Nurul Huda Sencaki Surabaya merupakan salah satu pondok pesantren yang belum optimal dalam melaksanakan PHBS sehingga muncul beberapa masalah kesehatan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif lapangan yang bermaksud untuk memahami fenomena yang dialami oleh subyek penelitian. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan fenomenologi. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode wawancara dan kuesioner. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa lebih dari dari separoh santri belum melaksanakan Program Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) yaitu 54,7%. Tingkat pengetahuan tentang PHBS masih rendah yaitu 59.4%. Santri mempunyai sikap terhadap PHBS sebesar 75%, dan kurangnya peran guru terhadap PHBS sebesar 56.3%.

Gouty arthritis is a metabolic disease caused by a buildup of monosodium urate monohydrate crystals in the joints. The accumulation of uric acid in the joints can form crystals such as needles that cause pain and inflammation, causing interference with the motion system and changes in daily activities. Pain management caused by the accumulation of gout is one of them with physical activities in the form of ergonomic exercise based on spiritual care. This study aims to identify the effect of ergonomic exercise based spiritual care on reducing pain levels in the elderly with gouty arthritis. The design of this study used quasy experimental with control group pre test and post test. The population in this study were all patients with arthritis gout as many as 56 elderly. Samples were taken using total sampling and divided into two groups: 28 intervention groups and 28 control groups. The intervention group was given treatment in the form of ergonomic exercise for 4 weeks with the media being given a module. Pain levels are measured by visual analog scale (VAS). Analysis of the data used was paired T test with a significance of p <0.05. The results of data analysis showed that the intervention group showed an average level of pain before intervention 6.5 and after the intervention showed an average level of pain 3.2 with a p-value of 0,000. Whereas the control group showed an average pain level of 6.2 and after 4 weeks the average pain level increased by 7.0 with a p-value of 0.008. The application of ergonomic exercise based on spiritual care can be given to people with arthritis gout in reducing pain. It is hoped that nurses can implement ergonomic exercise based spiritual care for reducing pain levels in elderly patients with gouty arthritis.

Abstrak Meningkatnya faktor risiko penyakit tidak menular (PTM) yaitu disebabkan oleh meningkatnya tekanan darah, gula darah, indeks massa tubuh atau obesitas, pola makan yang tidak sehat, kurangnya aktivitas fisik, kebiasaan merokok dan mengkonsumsi alkohol merupakan penyebab utama kematian di dunia. Salah satu PTM yang menjadi permasalahan kesehatan yang sangat serius saat ini yakni penyakit hipertensi/tekanan darah tinggi. Hipertensi merupakan kondisi dimana tekanan darah sistolik lebih besar atau sama dengan 140 mmHg dan atau tekanan diastolik lebih besar atau sama dengan 90mmHg. Penyakit ini banyak diderita oleh orang dewasa terutama lansia serta dapat menyebabkan komplikasi pada organ didalam tubuh seperti otak, mata, jantung, ginjal, dan pembuluh darah. Data dari Posyandu lansia RT 03 RW 08 Girilaya Surabaya terdapat 75 KK, 37 KK diantaranya mempunyai lansia dan 17 lansia diantaranya menderita hipertensi dan banyak dari mereka belum paham dan mengerti tentang bahaya penyakit hipertensi. Permasalahan yang menjadi perhatian di Posyandu ini berkaitan dengan kurangnya pengetahuan lansia terkait hipertensi dan upaya pencegahannya. Tujuan kegiatan ini untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan pemahaman masyarakat mengenai penyakit hipertensi dan memberikan informasi mengenai hipertensi serta aktifitas ringan yang harus dilakukan lansia dalam upaya pencegahannya. Metode digunakan dalam pelaksanaan pengabdian ini berupa penyuluhan mengenai penyakit hipertensi dengan sasaran lansia (45-70 tahun). Intervensi dilakukan dengan metode ceramah secara luring dengan penyebaran media poster, penyuluhan kesehatan, dan praktik senam lansia. Setelah dilakukan penyuluhan menggunakan poster dan video senam lansia, para lansia mengalami peningkatan pengetahuan Kata kunci: Hipertensi, lansia, kesehatan Abstract Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, caused by the unhealthy life style are the main causes of death in the world. One of the NCDs that is becoming a very serious health problem today is hypertension. Hypertension is a condition where the systolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 140 mmHg and/or diastolic pressure is greater than or equal to 90 mmHg. This disease affects adults, especially the elderly, can cause complications in organs of the body such as brain, eyes, heart, kidneys, and blood vessels. In elderly’s posyandu RT 03 RW 08 Girilaya Surabaya, 37 families from 75 families has elderly. Then 17 among them has elderly with experienced hypertension. The concern at Posyandu is related to the elderly's lack of knowledge regarding hypertension and efforts to prevent of it. The aim of this activity is to increase public knowledge and understanding regarding hypertension and provide information about hypertension as well as light activities such as elderly exercise in an effort to prevent it. The method used in implementing this service is in the form of education regarding hypertension targeting the elderly (45-70 years). The intervention was carried out using an offline lecture method with the distribution of posters, health education, and exercise practices for the elderly. After conducting outreach using posters and videos of elderly exercise, the number of elderly knowlendge about hypertension was increasing. Keywords: Hypertension, elderly, health

The emergency is a condition when a person is in a life-threatening condition or even can cause permanent disability if not helped immediately. Therefore it is necessary to improve the quality of emergency services in an integrated between the Indonesia Cross Red and other sectors, especially the corps of volunteer, but most of the volunteer members do not want to participate in emergency first aid activities. The purpose of this research is to know the relationship between personal factors (Empathy) and altruistic behavior in the KSR PMI X members. The method in this study is correlative analytics with the cross-sectional approach. The population of this study was all members of the corps of volunteer-Indonesia cross red in institution X. The sample in this study was 63 research members, using consecutive sampling. Data collection using questionnaires that have passed the test of validity and reliability. Analysis of the data used was rank spearmen. The results showed rank spearman hypothesis test that the correlation coefficient of 0.492 (p = 0.001; p <0.05), showed a positive direction, and the strength of the relationship was moderate, while H1 was accepted there was a relationship between personal factors (empathy) and altruistic behavior. Therefore, it is expected that all KSR-PMI members can develop their empathy, increase their commitment to participating in emergency activities.