Cutting force and temperature are critical indicators for improving cutting performance and productivity. This study used an up-milling experiment to ascertain the effect of tool tooth number, cutting speed, and depth on the machinability of bamboo–plastic composite. We focused on the changes in the resultant force and cutting temperature under different milling conditions. A response surface methodology was used to build prediction models for the resultant force and temperature. A verification test was conducted to prove the model’s reliability. The empirical findings suggested that the number of tool teeth had the most significant impacts on both the resultant force and the cutting temperature, followed by the depth of cut and the cutting speed. Moreover, the resultant force and cutting temperature showed increasing trends with decreasing numbers of tool teeth and increasing cut depths. However, cutting speed had a negative relationship with the resultant force and a positive relationship with temperature. We also determined the optimal milling conditions with the lowest force and temperature: four tool teeth, 300 m/min cutting speed, and 0.5 mm depth. This parameter combination can be used in the industrial manufacture of bamboo–plastic composite to improve tool life and manufacturing productivity.

Beech wood is a material commonly used for furniture, and cutting performance is the key to improving product quality and enterprise benefits. In this work, beech milling experiments using diamond cutters were carried out, and the changes in cutting power, temperature, and surface roughness were examined using the factor analysis method. The main results of this work are listed as follows: Firstly, a higher cutting speed and depth led to higher cutting power, temperature, and surface roughness. Meanwhile, cutting power and surface roughness were negatively related to the rake angle; however, cutting temperature first increased and then decreased with the increase in rake angle. Furthermore, cutting depth had greatest impact on the cutting power and surface roughness, followed by rake angle and cutting speed. Cutting speed had the greatest contribution to the cutting temperature, followed by cutting depth and rake angle. Only the cutting depth had a significant contribution to both cutting power, temperature, and surface roughness. Finally, optimal cutting parameters were determined to be a rake angle of 15°, cutting speed of 54 m/s, and depth of 0.5 mm. These values best meet the multiple objectives of lower cutting power, temperature, and surface roughness, which relate to superior product quality and enterprise benefits.

Flattened bamboo (FB) exhibits pronounced structural and chemical heterogeneity between outer and inner layers and between nodes and internodes. These variations critically influence its interfacial performance with waterborne acrylic coatings. This study aimed to clarify how primer layer configuration and substrate heterogeneity jointly affect the coating adhesion, hardness, and abrasion resistance of FB. Three coating schemes—one primer and one topcoat (1P1T), two primers and one topcoat (2P1T), and three primers and one topcoat (3P1T)—were applied to four types of FB substrates defined by layer and structural position. Adhesion, pencil hardness, and abrasion resistance were measured according to GB/T standards, complemented by surface roughness, contact angle, XPS, and SEM analyses. Results showed that substrate heterogeneity dominated coating behavior. The parenchyma-rich inner-layer internodes, characterized by higher polarity (O/C = 0.296) and rougher texture, exhibited stronger adhesion and superior abrasion stability, whereas the fiber-dense outer layer nodes, with lower polarity (O/C = 0.262), showed weaker bonding. Increasing the number of primer layers improved film continuity only when the substrate microstructure allowed sufficient primer penetration. The combined findings indicate that coating adhesion and wear stability are primarily governed by substrate composition and surface polarity rather than by coating thickness. These results provide scientific and practical guidance for optimizing primer application and surface preparation in the industrial finishing of bamboo-based decorative panels, while also highlighting the environmental and economic advantages of waterborne coating optimization for sustainable bamboo manufacturing.

Cracking frequently occurs during the pressing process of flattened bamboo, significantly reducing yield rates. To address the lack of effective strategies for the mechanical reutilisation of cracked flattened bamboo, an epoxy resin-based treatment approach was proposed to improve both mechanical and decorative performance, inspired by resin-based decorative composites. Crack filling and full-cell impregnation methods were then systematically evaluated. This work is the first to systematically compare crack filling and full-cell impregnation strategies across different bamboo radial positions, with a simultaneous evaluation of mechanical performance and decorative properties. The results show that bamboo radial position has a pronounced influence on bending performance. The outer layer exhibits markedly higher bending strength and Young’s modulus than the inner layer, with mean differences of approximately 134 MPa and 13.3 GPa, respectively. Crack filling results in a measurable improvement in the bending performance of cracked flattened bamboo, whereas full-cell impregnation leads to a reduction in the bending properties of the outer layer. These results suggest that crack filling represents a more mechanically efficient and cost-effective treatment strategy. Resin treatment increases surface colour variation but minimally impacts yellowing resistance performance. These findings demonstrate that resin-treated flattened bamboo with cracks supports the resource utilisation of waste bamboo and shows potential for decorative and interior material applications.