This article provides a thorough overview of the available resorbable biomaterials appropriate for producing replacements for damaged tissues. In addition, their various properties and application possibilities are discussed as well. Biomaterials are fundamental components in tissue engineering (TE) of scaffolds and play a critical role. They need to exhibit biocompatibility, bioactivity, biodegradability, and non-toxicity, to ensure their ability to function effectively with an appropriate host response. With ongoing research and advancements in biomaterials for medical implants, the objective of this review is to explore recently developed implantable scaffold materials for various tissues. The categorization of biomaterials in this paper includes fossil-based materials (e.g., PCL, PVA, PU, PEG, and PPF), natural or bio-based materials (e.g., HA, PLA, PHB, PHBV, chitosan, fibrin, collagen, starch, and hydrogels), and hybrid biomaterials (e.g., PCL/PLA, PCL/PEG, PLA/PEG, PLA/PHB PCL/collagen, PCL/chitosan, PCL/starch, and PLA/bioceramics). The application of these biomaterials in both hard and soft TE is considered, with a particular focus on their physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties. Furthermore, the interactions between scaffolds and the host immune system in the context of scaffold-driven tissue regeneration are discussed. Additionally, the article briefly mentions the concept of in situ TE, which leverages the self-renewal capacities of affected tissues and highlights the crucial role played by biopolymer-based scaffolds in this strategy.

Tendon injuries affect millions of people globally and are among the most prevalent musculoskeletal conditions, frequently resulting in chronic pain, reduced mobility, and functional impairment. While conservative and surgical treatments are available, limitations such as low healing capacity, scar formation, and reduced biomechanics necessitate alternative approaches. Tissue engineering offers a promising solution by combining cells, scaffolds, and bioactive molecules to regenerate tendon tissue. This review presents key concepts and emerging trends, highlighting the cellular components, scaffold materials, and manufacturing processes. Tenocytes and mesenchymal stem cells are fundamental for tissue regeneration, as they synthesize extracellular matrix components and regulate inflammatory responses. Various natural and synthetic polymers have been fabricated into scaffolds that mimic the structure and biomechanics of natural tendons. Composite and hybrid scaffolds are utilized to improve the biocompatibility of natural materials with the mechanical stability of synthetic materials. Advanced technologies, such as electrospinning, freeze-drying, and 3D bioprinting, enable the creation of scaffolds with defined architecture and functional gradients, improving cell alignment, differentiation, and tendon–bone integration. Although promising preclinical data exists, major challenges remain in translating these strategies clinically, particularly vascularization, immune rejection, and mechanical stability. Continued interdisciplinary attempts in biomaterials science, cellular biology, and engineering are crucial to advancing clinically viable tendon tissue engineering.