Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have been shown to improve glucose and lipid homeostasis, promote weight loss, and reduce cardiovascular risk factors. They are a promising therapeutic option for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common liver disease, associated with T2DM, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. GLP-1RAs have been approved for the treatment of T2DM and obesity, but not for NAFLD. Most recent clinical trials have suggested the importance of early pharmacologic intervention with GLP-1RAs in alleviating and limiting NAFLD, as well as highlighting the relative scarcity of in vitro studies on semaglutide, indicating the need for further research. However, extra-hepatic factors contribute to the GLP-1RA results of in vivo studies. Cell culture models of NAFLD can be helpful in eliminating extrahepatic effects on the alleviation of hepatic steatosis, modulation of lipid metabolism pathways, reduction of inflammation, and prevention of the progression of NAFLD to severe hepatic conditions. In this review article, we discuss the role of GLP-1 and GLP-1RA in the treatment of NAFLD using human hepatocyte models.

Background and Objectives: Periodontitis is marked by the destruction of alveolar bone. Sclerostin (SOST) and dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) act as inhibitors of the Wingless-type (Wnt) signaling pathway, a key regulator of bone metabolism. Recent studies have suggested that statins play a role in bone resorption and formation by influencing Wnt signaling. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of SOST and DKK-1 in periodontal patients with and without peroral statins treatment in their therapy. Materials and Methods: A total of 79 patients with diagnosed periodontitis were divided into two groups: 39 patients on statin therapy (SP group) and 40 patients without statin therapy as a control group (P group). The periodontal clinical examination probing (pocket) depth (PD) and gingival recession (GR) were measured, and approximal plaque was detected, while vertical and horizontal bone resorption was measured using a panoramic radiograph image. Clinical attachment loss (CAL) values were calculated using PD and GR values. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was collected and used for measuring SOST and DKK-1 levels. A questionnaire was used to assess lifestyle habits and statin intake. Patients’ medical records were used to obtain biochemical parameters. Results: There was no significant difference in sclerostin concentration between the SP and P group. DKK-1 values were significantly higher in the SP group compared to the control group (p = 0.04). Also, PD (p = 0.001) and GR (p = 0.03) were significantly higher in the SP group. The level of DKK-1 had a positive relationship with the PD, the greater the PD, the higher the level of DKK-1 (Rho = 0.350), while there was no significant association with other parameters. Conclusions: Peroral statins in periodontal patients are associated with GCF levels of DKK-1 but not with sclerostin levels.

Uvod: Osnovne mjere održavanja na životu (BLS, engl. Basic life support) odnose se na hitnu medicinsku skrb pruženu osobi koja se nalazi u hitnom stanju opasnom po život. Provode se u svrhu održavanja vitalnih funkcija i sprečavanja daljnjeg pogoršan...

Background and objectives: Sedentary behavior and physical activity are important determinants of musculoskeletal health, yet their relationship with gait biomechanics, explosive strength, and speed remains understudied in healthy, young populations relative to older and clinical groups. This study primarily aimed to examine the relationship between skeletal muscle mass and explosive strength in a healthy, young population, while secondarily exploring its association with sedentary behavior, physical activity, and gait biomechanical parameters. Methods: A cross-sectional study included 37 healthy young adults. Physical activity and sedentary behavior were assessed using the long-form IPAQ, body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis, and gait, explosive strength, and speed using a wearable inertial sensor system (countermovement and plyometric jumps, parkour test). Muscle mass–strength associations were also examined with partial correlation adjusted for sex. Results: Skeletal muscle mass percentage was positively associated with countermovement jump height and power and plyometric jump height, but these associations did not remain significant after adjustment for sex. Muscle mass was not associated with total IPAQ score and was only nominally associated with IPAQ activity category, an association that did not survive correction for multiple testing. Physical activity was not associated with any gait parameter, nor did gait asymmetry differ by activity category. Sedentary behavior was not associated with any gait, strength, or speed parameter, though men reported more sitting time than women, a difference that did not remain significant after correction for multiple testing. Conclusions: In healthy young adults, the unadjusted muscle mass–strength association largely reflected shared sex differences rather than an independent relationship, underscoring the importance of accounting for sex in this population. These preliminary findings support combining questionnaire-based, body-composition, and instrumented biomechanical assessment, with statistical adjustment, in future, larger, sex-balanced research.