Cyanobacteria are rich sources of structurally-diverse molecules with promising pharmacological activities. Marine cyanobacteria have been proven to be true producers of some significant bioactive metabolites from marine invertebrates. Macrolides are a class of bioactive compounds isolated from marine organisms, including marine microorganisms in particular. The structural characteristics of macrolides from cyanobacteria mainly manifest in the diversity of carbon skeletons, complexes of chlorinated thiazole-containing molecules and complex spatial configuration. In the present work, we systematically reviewed the structures and pharmacological activities of macrolides from cyanobacteria. Our data would help establish an effective support system for the discovery and development of cyanobacterium-derived macrolides.

Pulmonary fibrosis is an enduring and advancing pulmonary interstitial disease caused by multiple factors that ultimately lead to structural changes in normal lung tissue. Currently, pulmonary fibrosis is a global disease with a high degree of heterogeneity and mortality rate. Nitidine and pirfenidone have been approved for treating pulmonary fibrosis, and the quest for effective therapeutic drugs remains unabated. In recent years, the anti-pulmonary fibrosis properties of natural flavonoids have garnered heightened attention, although further research is needed. In this paper, the resources, structural characteristics, anti-pulmonary fibrosis properties and mechanisms of natural flavonoids were reviewed. We hope to provide potential opportunities for the application of flavonoids in the fight against pulmonary fibrosis.

Microbes, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other eukaryotic organisms, are commonly present in multiple organs of the human body and contribute significantly to both physiological and pathological processes. Nowadays, the development of sequencing technology has revealed the presence and composition of the intratumoral microbiota, which includes Fusobacterium, Bifidobacteria, and Bacteroides, and has shed light on the significant involvement in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we summarized the current understanding of the intratumoral microbiota in CRC and outline the potential translational and clinical applications in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of CRC. We focused on reviewing the development of microbial therapies targeting the intratumoral microbiota to improve the efficacy and safety of chemotherapy and immunotherapy for CRC and to identify biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of CRC. Finally, we emphasized the obstacles and potential solutions to translating the knowledge of the intratumoral microbiota into clinical practice.

Breast cancer remains a leading global malignancy among women, with increasing incidence and mortality. Recent advances in multi-omics technologies have revealed the presence of diverse microbial communities in the tumor microenvironment, comprising bacteria, viruses, and fungi. These microbes play complex roles within tumor initiation and progression, affecting local inflammation and modulating host metabolism, genomic stability, and immune responses. Emerging evidence indicates that the intratumoral microbiota holds diagnostic potential and represents a novel biomarker for molecular subtyping and prognosis. Furthermore, intratumoral microbiota offer new avenues for targeted interventions, such as engineered bacteria and phage therapy, which may overcome limitations of conventional treatments. This review summarizes current insights into the composition, colonization pathways, mechanisms, and clinical applications of intratumoral microbiota, underscoring their potential to advance precision medicine in breast cancer.