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The insufficient information on water conservation dynamics and potential in ecological engineering areas often restrict the selection and implementation of ecological restoration measures in arid and semiarid climates. Based on the regional water balance equation and GIS spatial analysis tools, this article assessed the spatial-temporal changes in water conservation in Xilin Gol League, a representative region of the Beijing–Tianjin Sandstorm Source Control Project Area. The results indicated that the yearly amount of water conservation in Xilin Gol League reached 1.27 billion cubic meters, and annual precipitation of approximately 6.36 mm was retained per hectare. The water conservation capacity in Xilin Gol League showed a notably increasing tendency during the period of 2000–2015 and increased from west to east. The northeast of East Ujimqin Banner had the highest capacity, contributing 16.19% of the total water conservation amount. Compared to 2000, approximately 65.86% of Xilin Gol League presented water conservation capacity increases in 2015, 15.25% of which were significant. The water conservation in Xilin Gol League correlated with the changes in precipitation, temperature, and vegetation coverage, and unfavorable changes in these factors led to a significant decline in regional water conservation capacity. Therefore, multiple ecological restoration strategies are proposed for the improvement of water conservation capacity in the low-efficiency areas.
Shuo Wang; Biao Zhang; Shuang Wang; Gao-Di Xie. Dynamic changes in water conservation in the Beijing–Tianjin Sandstorm Source Control Project Area: A case study of Xilin Gol League in China. Journal of Cleaner Production 2021, 293, 126054 .
AMA StyleShuo Wang, Biao Zhang, Shuang Wang, Gao-Di Xie. Dynamic changes in water conservation in the Beijing–Tianjin Sandstorm Source Control Project Area: A case study of Xilin Gol League in China. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021; 293 ():126054.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShuo Wang; Biao Zhang; Shuang Wang; Gao-Di Xie. 2021. "Dynamic changes in water conservation in the Beijing–Tianjin Sandstorm Source Control Project Area: A case study of Xilin Gol League in China." Journal of Cleaner Production 293, no. : 126054.
Biao Zhang; Zi-Xia Xie; Ji-Xi Gao; Xin-Lu She. Assessment on the cooling effect of urban green spaces in Shanghai. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES 2021, 36, 1334 -1345.
AMA StyleBiao Zhang, Zi-Xia Xie, Ji-Xi Gao, Xin-Lu She. Assessment on the cooling effect of urban green spaces in Shanghai. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2021; 36 (5):1334-1345.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBiao Zhang; Zi-Xia Xie; Ji-Xi Gao; Xin-Lu She. 2021. "Assessment on the cooling effect of urban green spaces in Shanghai." JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES 36, no. 5: 1334-1345.
Biao Zhang; Shuang Wang; Qingxu Li; Gaodi Xie. Regional correlation degree derived from the sand-fixing service spatial flow: A case study of the Beijing-Tianjin sandstorm control engineering area. 资源科学 2020, 42, 969 -979.
AMA StyleBiao Zhang, Shuang Wang, Qingxu Li, Gaodi Xie. Regional correlation degree derived from the sand-fixing service spatial flow: A case study of the Beijing-Tianjin sandstorm control engineering area. 资源科学. 2020; 42 (5):969-979.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBiao Zhang; Shuang Wang; Qingxu Li; Gaodi Xie. 2020. "Regional correlation degree derived from the sand-fixing service spatial flow: A case study of the Beijing-Tianjin sandstorm control engineering area." 资源科学 42, no. 5: 969-979.
Vegetation cover and related ecosystem services are key indicators for ecological restoration efforts. We simulated the dynamic changes of vegetation coverage and sand-fixing service in the Beijing–Tianjin sandstorm source control project area (BTSSCPA) in the period of 2000–2015 on the basis of long-term satellite data and the revised wind erosion equation. The response levels of sand-fixing service to vegetation coverage change were also analyzed. Results showed that the vegetation coverage in the BTSSCPA increased with fluctuation at an average rate of 0.34%/year, and the sand-fixing service was correspondingly enhanced with the average annual rate of 0.71%. Furthermore, the responsive levels of sand-fixing service to vegetation coverage change increased from 70% to 91%. We conclude that the vegetation restoration measures on sand-fixing gradually prevail and progress in the BTSSCPA. However, approximately 13% of the BTSSCPA still has poor responsivity and needs additional restoration measures for implementation. This research will contribute to quantify the effectiveness of vegetation restoration on ecosystem service enhancement, and identify the key implementation areas for further ecological restoration measures.
Shuang Wang; Biao Zhang; Gao-Di Xie; Xiu Zhai; Hai-Lian Sun. Vegetation cover changes and sand-fixing service responses in the Beijing–Tianjin sandstorm source control project area. Environmental Development 2019, 34, 100455 .
AMA StyleShuang Wang, Biao Zhang, Gao-Di Xie, Xiu Zhai, Hai-Lian Sun. Vegetation cover changes and sand-fixing service responses in the Beijing–Tianjin sandstorm source control project area. Environmental Development. 2019; 34 ():100455.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShuang Wang; Biao Zhang; Gao-Di Xie; Xiu Zhai; Hai-Lian Sun. 2019. "Vegetation cover changes and sand-fixing service responses in the Beijing–Tianjin sandstorm source control project area." Environmental Development 34, no. : 100455.
Urban green space has been considered as an ecological measure to mitigate urban heat islands (UHI). However, few studies investigate the cooling effect of the adjacent area of the urban park; as the transition region from a green space to a hardened surface where more complex heat exchange occurs, it deserves to be paid more attention. This paper examines the relationship between the urban greening patterns and the cooling effect in the surrounding areas of the Olympic Forest Park in Beijing. Results showed that the forestland and waterbodies could cool 6.51% and 12.82% of the impervious surface temperatures, respectively. For every 10% increase in the green space ratio, the land surface temperature drops by 0.4°C, and per kilometer increase in the distance from the forest park, the land surface temperature increases by 0.15 °C. The aggregation index (AI) and largest patch index (LPI) of the green space patterns presented a strong negative correlation with surface temperature. This study confirms the cooling effects in the adjacent area of the urban park and highlights their dependence on urban greening patterns. Therefore, we should not only develop more green spaces but also scientifically plan their spatial configuration in the limited urban land for the improvement of the cooling effect.
Majid Amani-Beni; Biao Zhang; Gao-Di Xie; Yunting Shi. Impacts of Urban Green Landscape Patterns on Land Surface Temperature: Evidence from the Adjacent Area of Olympic Forest Park of Beijing, China. Sustainability 2019, 11, 513 .
AMA StyleMajid Amani-Beni, Biao Zhang, Gao-Di Xie, Yunting Shi. Impacts of Urban Green Landscape Patterns on Land Surface Temperature: Evidence from the Adjacent Area of Olympic Forest Park of Beijing, China. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (2):513.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMajid Amani-Beni; Biao Zhang; Gao-Di Xie; Yunting Shi. 2019. "Impacts of Urban Green Landscape Patterns on Land Surface Temperature: Evidence from the Adjacent Area of Olympic Forest Park of Beijing, China." Sustainability 11, no. 2: 513.
Biao Zhang; Qing-Xu Li; Shuang Wang; Gao-Di Xie. Spatial-temporal changes and regional differences of the sand-fixing service in the Beijing-Tianjin sandstorm source region. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES 2019, 34, 1041 -1053.
AMA StyleBiao Zhang, Qing-Xu Li, Shuang Wang, Gao-Di Xie. Spatial-temporal changes and regional differences of the sand-fixing service in the Beijing-Tianjin sandstorm source region. JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES. 2019; 34 (5):1041-1053.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBiao Zhang; Qing-Xu Li; Shuang Wang; Gao-Di Xie. 2019. "Spatial-temporal changes and regional differences of the sand-fixing service in the Beijing-Tianjin sandstorm source region." JOURNAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES 34, no. 5: 1041-1053.
Yunting Shi; Biao Zhang; Jixi Gao; Yue Tong; Shanshan Shao. Demand of urban green space cool islands based on heat island pattern: A case study of Chaoyang District of Beijing. 资源科学 2019, 41, 1541 -1550.
AMA StyleYunting Shi, Biao Zhang, Jixi Gao, Yue Tong, Shanshan Shao. Demand of urban green space cool islands based on heat island pattern: A case study of Chaoyang District of Beijing. 资源科学. 2019; 41 (8):1541-1550.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYunting Shi; Biao Zhang; Jixi Gao; Yue Tong; Shanshan Shao. 2019. "Demand of urban green space cool islands based on heat island pattern: A case study of Chaoyang District of Beijing." 资源科学 41, no. 8: 1541-1550.
Li Qingxu; Zhang Biao; Xie Gaodi; Wang Shuang. Identification of Key Ecosystem Services That Can be Delivered by Water or Wind from Zhangjiakou-Chengde Region to Beijing. Journal of Resources and Ecology 2018, 9, 632 -641.
AMA StyleLi Qingxu, Zhang Biao, Xie Gaodi, Wang Shuang. Identification of Key Ecosystem Services That Can be Delivered by Water or Wind from Zhangjiakou-Chengde Region to Beijing. Journal of Resources and Ecology. 2018; 9 (6):632-641.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi Qingxu; Zhang Biao; Xie Gaodi; Wang Shuang. 2018. "Identification of Key Ecosystem Services That Can be Delivered by Water or Wind from Zhangjiakou-Chengde Region to Beijing." Journal of Resources and Ecology 9, no. 6: 632-641.
吉喜 高; Gao Jixi; 婷 宋; 彪 张; 永伟 韩; 馨婷 高; 朝阳 冯; Song Ting; Zhang Biao; Han Yongwei; Gao Xinting; Feng Chaoyang. 北京城市绿地群落结构对降温增湿功能的影响. 资源科学 2016, 38, 1028 -1038.
AMA Style吉喜 高, Gao Jixi, 婷 宋, 彪 张, 永伟 韩, 馨婷 高, 朝阳 冯, Song Ting, Zhang Biao, Han Yongwei, Gao Xinting, Feng Chaoyang. 北京城市绿地群落结构对降温增湿功能的影响. 资源科学. 2016; 38 (6):1028-1038.
Chicago/Turabian Style吉喜 高; Gao Jixi; 婷 宋; 彪 张; 永伟 韩; 馨婷 高; 朝阳 冯; Song Ting; Zhang Biao; Han Yongwei; Gao Xinting; Feng Chaoyang. 2016. "北京城市绿地群落结构对降温增湿功能的影响." 资源科学 38, no. 6: 1028-1038.
In this study, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data and the multiple linear regression model were used to estimate distribution of biomass resources in 2010. The establishment of models, developed using different vegetation biomass sample data, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), leaf area index (LAI), meteorological data, coordinates, terrain data, and statistical data. Results based on a cross-validation approach show that the model can explain 95.6% of the variance in biomass, with a relative estimation error of 67 g·m−2 for a range of biomass between 0–73,875 g·m−2. Spatial statistic results were consistent with the practical condition in most cases. The above- and below-ground biomass (ABGB) of China was estimated to be 31.1 Pg (1 Pg = 1015 g) in 2010. The forest ecosystem has the largest total biomass, which represents about 70% of the whole terrestrial ecosystem. The desert ecosystem has minimum biomass value. The Belowground Endowment (BRE) varied differently in spatial distribution, with the high values occurring in the southeast and northeast. The low values were primarily distributed in north and northwest regions, where it is mostly desert and few plants. Biomass per capita indicates the availability of natural resources per capita. Tibet had the maximum biomass per capita (807 tone in 2010). Shanghai and Tianjin had the minimum biomass per capita, less than 500 kg. Shanghai, Tianjin, Guangzhou, Beijing, and Hainan had negative growth of biomass per capita.
Na Li; Gaodi Xie; Changshun Zhang; Yu Xiao; Biao Zhang; Wenhui Chen; Yanzhi Sun; Shuo Wang. Biomass Resources Distribution in the Terrestrial Ecosystem of China. Sustainability 2015, 7, 8548 -8564.
AMA StyleNa Li, Gaodi Xie, Changshun Zhang, Yu Xiao, Biao Zhang, Wenhui Chen, Yanzhi Sun, Shuo Wang. Biomass Resources Distribution in the Terrestrial Ecosystem of China. Sustainability. 2015; 7 (7):8548-8564.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNa Li; Gaodi Xie; Changshun Zhang; Yu Xiao; Biao Zhang; Wenhui Chen; Yanzhi Sun; Shuo Wang. 2015. "Biomass Resources Distribution in the Terrestrial Ecosystem of China." Sustainability 7, no. 7: 8548-8564.
We propose an eco-service provision unit method for estimating the benefit and spatial differences of forests in controlling soil erosion. A total of 197 eco-service provision units were grouped on 1424.43 km2 of forest according to differences in vegetation, slope, soil, and rainfall. The amount of soil conservation and its economic value were estimated. The forests in Anji County prevent 4.08 × 105 tons of soil from eroding annually, thereby avoiding 1.36 × 104 tons of nutrient loss (on-site cost) and preventing 149 tons of nutritive elements from entering water systems (off-site cost). From an economic perspective, the soil nutrient conservation in the forests of Anji County generated an annual benefit of 43.37 million RMB (Chinese Currency, 6.20 RMB = US$1). On average, each hectare of ecological forest contributed up to 436 RMB annually because of soil conservation. Ecological complexes with higher rainfall intensity, such as broadleaf forest and red soil on slope gradients >25°, contributed the highest soil conservation benefits. This study identified and quantified the dominant contributors and magnitudes of soil conservation provided by forests. This information can benefit decision making regarding differentiated ecological compensation policies.
Biao Zhang; Ji-Xi Gao; Gao-Di Xie; Chun-Xia Lu. Forest soil conservation based on eco-service provision unit method and its value in Anji County, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China. Journal of Forestry Research 2015, 26, 405 -415.
AMA StyleBiao Zhang, Ji-Xi Gao, Gao-Di Xie, Chun-Xia Lu. Forest soil conservation based on eco-service provision unit method and its value in Anji County, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China. Journal of Forestry Research. 2015; 26 (2):405-415.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBiao Zhang; Ji-Xi Gao; Gao-Di Xie; Chun-Xia Lu. 2015. "Forest soil conservation based on eco-service provision unit method and its value in Anji County, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China." Journal of Forestry Research 26, no. 2: 405-415.
Urbanization involves the replacement of vegetated surfaces with impervious built surfaces, and it often results in an increase in the rate and volume of rainwater surface runoff. Urban green spaces play a positive role in rainwater-runoff reduction. However, few studies have explored the benefits of rainwater-runoff reduction by urban green spaces. Based on inventory data of urban green spaces in Beijing, the paper evaluated the economic benefits of rainwater-runoff reduction by urban green spaces, using the rainwater-runoff-coefficient method as well as the economic valuation methods. The results showed that, 2494 cubic meters of potential runoff was reduced per hectare of green area and a total volume of 154 million cubic meters rainwater was stored in these urban green spaces, which almost corresponds to the annual water needs of the urban ecological landscape in Beijing. The total economic benefit was 1.34 billion RMB in 2009 (RMB: Chinese currency, US$1 = RMB6.83), which is equivalent to three-quarters of the maintenance cost of Beijing’s green spaces; the value of rainwater-runoff reduction was 21.77 thousand RMB per hectare. In addition, the benefits in different districts and counties were ranked in the same order as urban green areas, and the average benefits per hectare of green space showed different trends, which may be related to the impervious surface index in different regions. This research will contribute to an understanding of the role that Beijing’s green spaces play in rainwater regulation and in the creation and scientific management of urban green spaces.
Biao Zhang; Gaodi Xie; Canqiang Zhang; Jing Zhang. The economic benefits of rainwater-runoff reduction by urban green spaces: A case study in Beijing, China. Journal of Environmental Management 2012, 100, 65 -71.
AMA StyleBiao Zhang, Gaodi Xie, Canqiang Zhang, Jing Zhang. The economic benefits of rainwater-runoff reduction by urban green spaces: A case study in Beijing, China. Journal of Environmental Management. 2012; 100 ():65-71.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBiao Zhang; Gaodi Xie; Canqiang Zhang; Jing Zhang. 2012. "The economic benefits of rainwater-runoff reduction by urban green spaces: A case study in Beijing, China." Journal of Environmental Management 100, no. : 65-71.
The water conservation capacities of main forests in Beijing, China were estimated through the quantitative analysis. Various methods developed in published papers on forest hydrology were employed. The forests in Huairou, Yanqing, Miyun, Mentougou and Fangshan districts are the main contributors to water conservation (the cumulative ratio reaches 65%), and the forests in Tongzhou, Chaoyang, Shunyi and Daxing districts have the highest water conservation capacity (3000 m3/ha). Altitude and slope are the key factors to affect the water conservation capacity. The forests located in Plain Area, Hilly Area, Low Mountain, and Middle Mountain contributes 27%, 28%, 24% and 21% of the conserved water, respectively. The water conservation capacity of forests in Plain Area (2 948 m3/ha), is superior to the forests in other regions. And the forests situated on Flat Slope, Moderate Slope and Gentle Slope constitute the largest proportion (nearly 93%) of water conservation, while the forests on Flat Slope has the highest water conservation capacity (2 797 m3/ha), and the forest on Steep slope has the lowest water conservation capacity (948 m3/ha).
Biao Zhang; Gao-Di Xie; Yu-Ping Yan; Yan-Gang Yang. Regional differences of water conservation in Beijing’s forest ecosystem. Journal of Forestry Research 2011, 22, 295 -300.
AMA StyleBiao Zhang, Gao-Di Xie, Yu-Ping Yan, Yan-Gang Yang. Regional differences of water conservation in Beijing’s forest ecosystem. Journal of Forestry Research. 2011; 22 (2):295-300.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBiao Zhang; Gao-Di Xie; Yu-Ping Yan; Yan-Gang Yang. 2011. "Regional differences of water conservation in Beijing’s forest ecosystem." Journal of Forestry Research 22, no. 2: 295-300.
This paper provides a comprehensive review of ecosystem services and their economic valuation in China. The main objective of this review is to introduce the findings of the various valuation studies, and explore the challenges that emerged in these studies. This paper shows that ecosystem services research in China went through four stages covering all the main ecosystem types and multi-scales. These studies have raised public awareness of the value of ecological and bio-resource issues, and promoted the establishment of eco-compensation mechanisms in China. However, there are still many controversies and challenges that have emerged from current ecosystem services research. We propose that future ecosystem services research focuses on i) the corresponding definition and classification systems for all ecosystems; ii) the observation and establishment of the relationship between ecosystem structures and corresponding functions; iii) the improvement and normalization of valuation methods; and iv) the exploration and analysis of the spatial and temporal variations of ecosystem services. Furthermore, it is important to improve the accessibility of ecosystem services valuation in environmental decision-making.
Biao Zhang; Wenhua Li; Gaodi Xie. Ecosystem services research in China: Progress and perspective. Ecological Economics 2010, 69, 1389 -1395.
AMA StyleBiao Zhang, Wenhua Li, Gaodi Xie. Ecosystem services research in China: Progress and perspective. Ecological Economics. 2010; 69 (7):1389-1395.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBiao Zhang; Wenhua Li; Gaodi Xie. 2010. "Ecosystem services research in China: Progress and perspective." Ecological Economics 69, no. 7: 1389-1395.