Despite the popularity of wild edible mushrooms due to their delectable flavor and nutritional value, the mechanisms involved in regulating and altering their taste remain underexplored. In this study, we analyzed the metabolome and transcriptome of Boletus brunneissimus (B. brunneissimus) and Leccinum extremiorientale (L. extremiorientale), two Boletus species collected from different environments. Using UHPLC-MS, we annotated 644 peaks and identified 47 differential metabolites via OPLS-DA analysis. Eight of these were related to flavor, including L-Aspartic acid, Glycine, D-Serine, L-Serine, L-Histidine, Tryptophan, L-Isoleucine, Isoleucine, and alpha-D-Glucose. These differential metabolites were mainly concentrated in amino acid metabolism pathways. Transcriptome analysis revealed differential genes between B. brunneissimus and L. extremiorientale, which were enriched in protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, as well as differential genes of the same Boletus species in different environments that were enriched in the ribosome pathway. The combination of metabolome and transcriptome analyses highlighted Glycine, L-Serine, and L-Aspartic acid as the key compounds responsible for the differences between the two Boletus species. Using the O2PLS model and Pearson’s coefficient, we identified key genes that modulate the differences in metabolites between the two species. These results have significant implications for the molecular breeding of flavor in edible mushrooms.

Severe seasonal droughts driven by global climate change significantly alter the cycling of carbon and nutrients in forest ecosystems through disturbing plant physiology and phenology, soil physicochemical properties, and soil microbial activity. While, the investigation into the impacts of floor mass and plant roots on soil microbial biomass within the context of recurrent seasonal droughts is still rare. To investigate the environmental determinants governing soil microbial biomass with the escalating severity of seasonal droughts, we conducted a study on soil microbial biomass in a comprehensive block experiment, which was manipulated to explore the interplay between floor mass and plant roots contributions, crossed with a factorial irrigation treatment, in a montane subtropical moist evergreen broad–leaved forest of southwestern China. Within control and watered plots, we respectively established four experimental subplots with plant roots and floor mass included (R+F+), plant roots included but floor mass excluded (R+F−), plant roots excluded but floor mass included (R−F+), and plant roots and floor mass excluded (R−F−) from June 2019 to May 2023. The study results revealed that soil microbial biomass as well as soil moisture, floor mass, and plant roots showed an apparent single–hump modal within one year. In the comparative analysis of soil microbial biomass fluctuation amplitudes across control and watered plots, a discernible disparity was observed, indicating that significant differences in microbial biomass dynamics between the respective experimental conditions. The pooled data revealed a statistically significant influence of seasonal drought, floor mass, plant roots, and their reciprocal interactions on the soil microbial biomass, highlighting these factors as pivotal determinants of microbial community dynamics. This study elucidates the interactive regulatory mechanisms by which seasonal drought, floor mass, and plant roots collectively modulate soil microbial biomass within tropical and subtropical forests, offering insights into the complex ecological processes governing microbial community dynamics. This interactive regulation might influence the trajectory of plant species and soil microbial communities, facilitating their adaptive development and evolutionary responses.

Severe seasonal droughts driven by global climate change significantly alter the cycling of carbon and nutrients in forest ecosystems, while the investigation into the impacts of floor mass and plant roots on soil microbial biomass within the context of recurrent seasonal droughts is still rare. To investigate the environmental determinants governing soil microbial biomass with the escalating severity of seasonal droughts, we conducted a study in a montane subtropical moist evergreen broad-leaved forest in southwestern China from June 2019 to May 2023. The study results revealed that soil microbial biomass, as well as soil moisture, floor mass, and plant roots, showed an apparent single-hump modal within one year. In the comparative analysis of the soil microbial biomass fluctuation amplitudes across control and watered plots, a discernible disparity was observed, indicating significant differences in microbial biomass dynamics between the respective experimental conditions. The pooled data revealed a statistically significant influence of seasonal drought, floor mass, plant roots, and their reciprocal interactions on the soil microbial biomass, highlighting these factors as pivotal determinants of microbial community dynamics. This study elucidates the interactive regulatory mechanisms by which seasonal drought, floor mass, and plant roots collectively modulate soil microbial biomass within tropical and subtropical forests, offering insights into the complex ecological processes governing microbial community dynamics. This interactive regulation might influence the trajectory of plant species and soil microbial communities, facilitating their adaptive development and evolutionary responses.

This paper studied the mineralogy and mineral processing of a copper mine bearing-silver in Sichuan province. The raw ore contained 0.77% of copper, 8.2 g/t of silver and other gangue mineral. The research contents included: mineral properties and process mineralogy, grinding fineness, type and dosage of collector, type and dosage of inhibitor, opening and closed circuit test, etc. In the grinding fineness 70% of -0.074 mm, the copper concentrate contained copper grade of 25.76% and copper recovery rate of 85.84%, silver grade of 258.21 g/t and silver recovery rate of 80.83% was obtained by two roughing, one scavenging and one cleaning closed-circuit processes. The agents were sodium silicate and sodium hexametaphosphate as inhibitors of gangue minerals, butyl xanthate as collector, 2# oil as frother in roughing I, butyl xanthate as collector, 2# oil as frother in roughing II, sodium sulphide as oxide copper sulfide agent, butyl xanthate as collector, and 2# oil as frother in scavenging I.