Despite the popularity of wild edible mushrooms due to their delectable flavor and nutritional value, the mechanisms involved in regulating and altering their taste remain underexplored. In this study, we analyzed the metabolome and transcriptome of Boletus brunneissimus (B. brunneissimus) and Leccinum extremiorientale (L. extremiorientale), two Boletus species collected from different environments. Using UHPLC-MS, we annotated 644 peaks and identified 47 differential metabolites via OPLS-DA analysis. Eight of these were related to flavor, including L-Aspartic acid, Glycine, D-Serine, L-Serine, L-Histidine, Tryptophan, L-Isoleucine, Isoleucine, and alpha-D-Glucose. These differential metabolites were mainly concentrated in amino acid metabolism pathways. Transcriptome analysis revealed differential genes between B. brunneissimus and L. extremiorientale, which were enriched in protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, as well as differential genes of the same Boletus species in different environments that were enriched in the ribosome pathway. The combination of metabolome and transcriptome analyses highlighted Glycine, L-Serine, and L-Aspartic acid as the key compounds responsible for the differences between the two Boletus species. Using the O2PLS model and Pearson’s coefficient, we identified key genes that modulate the differences in metabolites between the two species. These results have significant implications for the molecular breeding of flavor in edible mushrooms.

An isolate of chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV; genus Potyvirus) of Solanum nigrum L. from southwest China (ChiVMV-YunN/Yuxi) was identified and sequenced (GenBank: OP404087). Comparison with other ChiVMV isolates and recombination analyses suggested a recombinant origin. The most significant recombination event among all 21 complete ChiVMV isolates was an ending breakpoint at 1408–1488 for ChiVMV-YunN/Yuxi with ChiVMV-TaiW and ChiVMV-YunN/Ca operating as the respective major and minor parents. Interestingly, the 5′ UTR of ChiVMV-YunN/Yuxi is 15 nucleotides (‘AAAAATAAAACAACC’) longer than other reported isolates. A full-length clone of ChiVMV-YunN/Yuxi was constructed and was shown to be infectious in Nicotiana benthamiana. The additional 15 nt of 5′ UTR in ChiVMV-YunN/Yuxi was stable when transmitted through three generations. Experiments with modified clones showed that the additional 15 nt are essential for infection by this isolate.