Carrying out macroscopical and microscopical analyses of plants allows determining the species and identifying diagnostic signs of the plant that distinguish the studied object from other related species. Endemic plant species are a specific component of the flora, whose representatives grow in a relatively limited area, represented by a small geographical area. Their diagnostic morphological and anatomical data are insufficiently studied. Such endemic unexplored plant species include Eryngium karatavicum Iljin, which grows in the territory of South Kazakhstan. This article presents the results of macroscopical, microscopical and histochemical analyses of leaves, flowers and stems of Eryngium karatavicum. The results of morphological analysis of Eryngium karatavicum showed that the plant has distinctive features of macroscopical, microscopical and histochemical signs on the upper and lower sides of the leaf, stem, inflorescence, leaves of the wrapper and flower. These results can be used to confirm the authenticity, identification, and standardization of aerial parts of the endemic plant Eryngium karatavicum Iljin.

Objectives. The creation of new herbal medicines for their use in dentistry is relevant. The purpose of this work is to study the acute toxicity of the anticaries dental gel (ACDG3) developed by us based on Origanum vulgare. Results. In case of studying the safety of anticaries dental gel ACDG3 in animals, that with a single dose of up to 2000mg/kg, the absence of pathological changes in the behavior of animals was noted. Biochemical studies indicate that the studied doses of dental gel did not lead to significant deviations in the blood parameters of mice and deviations fluctuated within the reference values. According to the results of a morphometric study conducted 15days after the administration of the drug, no deviations were found. The histological evaluation of organs showed little change in the cardiac architecture in animals treated with ACDG3 at doses of 1000mg/kg and 2000mg/kg. On the other hand, no significant changes in the cardiac function were observed in all treated mice. Conclusion. As follows from the results obtained, in case of determining acute toxicity, the studied anticaries gel, ACDG3, showed low toxicity. For mice, LD50 was 2000mg/kg intragastrically. So, according to the generally accepted classification of the toxicity of substances, ACDG3 can be attributed to the class of low-toxic substances (IV class of toxicity, LD50>5000mg/kg, intragastric administration), that is, to practically nontoxic compounds.

Бұл мақалада фармацевтикалық білім беруде студенттерді жұмсақ дәрілік түр технологиясы бойынша оқытуда жасанды интеллект (ЖИ) элементтерін пайдалана отырып, инновациялық оқыту әдістерін енгізу қарастырылады. Онда ЖИ-ді оқу процесіне интеграциялаудың заманауи тәсілдері, соның ішінде виртуалды зертханалар, болжамдық модельдер және процесс параметрлерін талдау және дәрілік заттардың сапасын болжау үшін машиналық оқыту алгоритмдері қарастырылады. Қабынуға қарсы жақпа майын әзірлеу және оңтайландыру бойынша зертханалық сабақты мысал ретінде пайдалана отырып, студенттердің ЖИ-ді модельді гомогенизациялауға, температураны бақылауға, араластыру уақытына және салқындату жылдамдығына қалай қолданатыны көрсетілген. Мақалада маңызды процесс параметрлері (МПП) мен маңызды сапа атрибуттары (ССА) арасындағы байланыс, сондай-ақ оқу процесінің дәлдігі мен тиімділігін арттыра алатын ЖИ құралдары егжей-тегжейлі сипатталған. Онда студенттердің кәсіби, зерттеу және цифрлық құзыреттіліктерін дамыту үшін осындай әдістерді қолданудың маңыздылығы атап өтілген, осылайша олардың аналитикалық қабілеттерін, шешім қабылдау дағдыларын және цифрлық сауаттылығын арттырады. Авторлар ЖИ-ді оқу процесіне интеграциялау зертханалық тәжірибелердегі қателіктерді азайтатынын, теориялық материалды алу сапасын жақсартатынын және оқу процесін фармацевтикалық өндірістің нақты жағдайларына жақындататынын көрсетеді. Бұл нәтижелер инновациялық технологияларды мамандарды даярлауға енгізудің тиімділігін көрсетеді және болашақ фармацевттердің құзыреттілігін арттыру құралы ретінде жасанды интеллектті пайдаланудың өзектілігін растайды.

Background/Objectives: Inula helenium L. (Asteraceae) is widely used in traditional medicine, and its essential oil has demonstrated antimicrobial properties. The aim of this study was a comprehensive investigation of the chemical composition and biological activity of a concentrated extract of Inula helenium L. roots, including the determination of the main groups of biologically active substances and the assessment of antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-aggregatory and anticoagulant properties. Methods: Inula helenium L. roots were extracted by UAE, the optimal conditions were double extraction with 70% ethanol at 30 kHz for 30 min. Chemical profiling was performed by HPLC-ESI-MS against 20 reference phenolic compounds, with method validation. Antimicrobial activity was assessed by microdilution against Gram-positive, Gram-negative and fungal strains (MBC/MFC). Antioxidant activity was evaluated in two chemiluminescence model systems simulating reactive oxygen species generation and lipid peroxidation. Anti-aggregatory and anticoagulant effects were studied in vitro on platelet-rich and platelet-poor plasma. Results: 11 polyphenolic compounds were identified and quantified, including five phenolic acids (gallic, chlorogenic, caffeic, ferulic and p-coumaric acids) and six flavonoids (hyperoside, naringenin, quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin and apigenin). The extract exhibited antimicrobial activity with MBC values of 3.91–62.5 μg/mL against Gram-positive bacteria, 2.5–10 μg/mL against Gram-negative bacteria, and 10 μg/mL against Candida albicans. The extract moderately inhibited platelet aggregation, prolonged aPTT, and reduced chemiluminescence by 15–20% relative to the control. Conclusions: The thick extract of Inula helenium L. roots contains bioactive phenolic compounds and exhibits moderate antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticoagulant activity, supporting its potential as a natural multifunctional agent and justifying further in vivo studies and dosage form development.

Background/Objectives: Dasiphora parvifolia, a little-studied Central Asian shrub, lacks standardized pharmacognostic data. This study aimed to comprehensively characterize its above-ground organs, establish diagnostic criteria, comparatively evaluate extraction methods, profile phytochemicals, and evaluate antimicrobial activity. Methods: Morphological, morphometric, and anatomical analyses were performed using light microscopy (ANOVA, p ≤ 0.05). Physicochemical parameters were determined gravimetrically. Percolation and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) were compared using varying ethanol concentrations, ratios, and maceration times. Phenolics were identified by HPLC-UV and confirmed by ESI-MS. Results: Diagnostic features included leaflet size (6.91 × 1.14 mm), stem length (17.39 cm), and flower diameter (6.92 mm). Microscopy revealed anomocytic stomata and multicellular trichomes (120 µm). Quality parameters (moisture 2.61%, total ash 5.55%, extractives 42.36%). UAE with 70% ethanol (1:20, 24 h pre-maceration) gave 7.53% total phenolics in the dry extract and 7.68% for percolation, corresponding to 20.81 and 28.72 mg/g of raw material, respectively. Among the analyzed extracts, the highest concentrations were detected for gallic acid (3.61%), chlorogenic acid (2.94%), cynaroside (2.28%), and hyperoside (1.82%). Total polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins, β-carotene, and α-tocopherol were 3.70%, 1.36%, 2.67%, 330.08 mg/kg, and 138.0 mg%, respectively. DPPE70 showed the highest activity against P. aeruginosa (17.0 mm), whereas DPUE70-24 showed the highest activity against S. aureus (22.0 mm). Conclusions: D. parvifolia can be considered a relevant source of phenolic compounds. The high levels of gallic and chlorogenic acids, together with hyperoside and cynaroside, indicate a substantial phenolic profile and may contribute to the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the extracts.