In order to increase the effectiveness of cancer therapies and extend the long-term survival of patients, more and more often, in addition to standard treatment, oncological patients receive also targeted therapy, i.e., CAR-T cells. These cells express a chimeric receptor (CAR) that specifically binds an antigen present on tumor cells, resulting in tumor cell lysis. The use of CAR-T cells in the therapy of relapsed and refractory B-type acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) resulted in complete remission in many patients, which prompted researchers to conduct tests on the use of CAR-T cells in the treatment of other hematological malignancies, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). AML is associated with a poorer prognosis compared to ALL due to a higher risk of relapse caused by the development of resistance to standard treatment. The 5-year relative survival rate in AML patients was estimated at 31.7%. The objective of the following review is to present the mechanism of action of CAR-T cells, and discuss the latest findings on the results of anti-CD33, -CD123, -FLT3 and -CLL-1 CAR-T cell therapy, the emerging challenges as well as the prospects for the future.

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), also known as Osler–Weber–Rendu disease, is an autosomal dominant vascular disorder caused most commonly by pathogenic variants in the ENG and ACVRL1/ALK1 genes. It is characterized by mucocutaneous telangiectasias and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in various organs, leading to recurrent epistaxis, gastrointestinal bleeding, and iron deficiency anemia. Diagnosis relies on the Curaçao Criteria, which include recurrent nosebleeds, characteristic telangiectasias, visceral AVMs, and family history. This review aims to present current therapeutic approaches and emerging treatment strategies for HHT. Traditional surgical and laser-based methods are increasingly complemented or replaced by targeted pharmacological interventions. Antiangiogenic agents such as bevacizumab and thalidomide have demonstrated efficacy in reducing bleeding frequency and transfusion requirements, although adverse effects may limit long-term use. Novel therapies under investigation target molecular pathways involved in vascular remodeling, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors (sorafenib, nintedanib), anti-ANGPT2 antibodies, and modulators of BMP9/ALK1 signaling (tacrolimus, sirolimus). Preclinical and early clinical studies suggest that these agents may provide disease-modifying benefits. Continued research should focus on optimizing treatment efficacy, reducing toxicity, and developing individualized therapeutic regimens based on genetic and clinical characteristics.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most common bacterial infections which affectis 150 million people worldwide annually. Pregnant women are particularly vulnerable to UTIs. Untreated asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy can develop into an acute state, leading to serious complications,...

Introduction and purpose: Femoral neck fractures are a major source of morbidity and mortality among older adults, frequently leading to prolonged hospitalization, disability, and loss of independence. Vitamin D3 plays a central role in bone metabolism, muscle function, and immune modulation- all crucial for postoperative recovery. However, the clinical relevance of vitamin D3 status in patients undergoing surgery for femoral neck fractures remains incompletely understood. This narrative review aims to synthesize current evidence on the relationship between vitamin D3 levels and key outcomes including functional recovery, complication rates, and mortality in this population. Material and method: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed and Embase using Boolean operators and relevant medical subject terms. Filters limited the search to full-text, English-language studies published between 2020 and 2025 involving human subjects. In Embase, only randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews were included. A total of 98 non-duplicate studies were screened; 34 were selected for full-text analysis and thematic synthesis. Results: Most studies demonstrate a positive association between sufficient 25(OH)D levels and faster mobility recovery, improved functional scores (e.g., Harris Hip Score, Barthel Index), and better postoperative quality of life. Vitamin D3 deficiency is consistently linked to higher rates of infectious complications, delayed fracture healing, and increased fall risk. Several studies also associate low 25(OH)D levels with elevated short-term mortality. Supplementation strategies appear beneficial, although optimal dosing and timing remain under debate. Conclusions: Vitamin D3 status is a potentially modifiable factor influencing outcomes after femoral neck fracture surgery. Routine screening and appropriate supplementation should be considered as part of multidisciplinary perioperative care. Further randomized trials are needed to define causal relationships and refine clinical protocols.

Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer and remains a major cause of cancer-related mortality. Advances in molecular diagnostics have led to new therapeutic approaches based on genetic alterations. Objective: To review recent progress in the treatment of NSCLC, including targeted therapies, immunotherapies, and strategies to overcome drug resistance. Methods: Narrative review based on recent literature. No systematic search strategy was applied. Two summary tables present approved therapies for molecular targets and emerging immune-based strategies. Results: Therapies targeting EGFR, ALK, ROS1, MET, RET, KRAS, and NTRK are discussed, as well as the use of checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T cells, and bispecific antibodies. Mechanisms of resistance and corresponding therapeutic approaches are reviewed. Some treatment combinations show statistical improvement in progression-free or overall survival, but clinical significance remains to be clarified. Conclusions: Modern NSCLC treatment is increasingly personalized. Molecular profiling guides therapy selection, and novel agents expand options for resistant disease. Further studies should focus on clinical endpoints and optimal treatment combinations.