The primary objective of this investigation is to explore the key factors within a large corporation that facilitate the transition from a conventional hierarchical organizational structure to a more agile one. Although there are studies in the literature on the different agile organizational structures, there are no clear guidelines for a large company to transform to an agile framework. This study employs contingency theory as its framework and specifically focuses on the financial sector to identify both opportunities and challenges encountered during this transformation process. Qualitative research methods were employed, involving an analysis of five case studies in which managers served as respondents. This research contributes to the identification of a model as a guideline for the transformation of the organizational structure towards agility that can provide valuable information for companies undergoing such a transformation. The managers surveyed provided their experience and the competencies of their profiles were validated, in addition to the application of the Delphi method to obtain more objective information. The findings underscore that large companies should refrain from adopting a completely flat hierarchical structure. Moreover, there exists a set of strategic-level elements that serve as a guiding framework for the transformation process. Furthermore, it is essential to acknowledge that the transformation process itself does not follow a one-size-fits-all approach; rather, it is contingent upon the unique context of each individual case, and it is also a cultural challenge.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop a model that illustrated how influences are interpreted and then shaped by an economy into its commitment towards corporate social and environmental responsibility (CSER).Design/methodology/approach: The paper considers this question: is this possible to find some first and second effects about CSER in 24 sectors of Catalonian economy?Findings: The analytical model is used in order to develop a conceptual model to explain the forgotten effects or CSER in Catalonia, Spain.Originality/value: This paper applies the theory of the forgotten effects with the analysis of the causes or external elements to the Catalonian economy and of the effects or reflections that it produces in the sustainability.

Assignment processes permit to coordinate two set of variables so each variable of the first set is connected to another variable of the second set. This paper develops a new assignment algorithm by using a wide range of aggregation operators in the Hungarian algorithm. A new process based on the use of the ordered weighted averaging distance (OWAD) operator and the induced OWAD (IOWAD) operator in the Hungarian algorithm is introduced. We refer to it as the Hungarian algorithm with the OWAD operator (HAOWAD) and the Hungarian algorithm with the IOWAD operator (HAIOWAD). The main advantage of this approach is that we can provide a parameterized family of aggregation operators between the minimum and the maximum. Thus, the information can be represented in a more complete way. Furthermore, we also present a general framework by using generalized and quasi-arithmetic means. Therefore, we can consider a wide range of particular cases including the Euclidean and the Minkowski distance. The paper ends with a practical application of the new approach in a financial decision making problem regarding the assignment of investments.

This paper uses the case of Spain to investigate whether and how disruptive technology impacts banking stock returns under a high volatility regime and a low volatility regime. For this purpose, a two-factor model with heteroscedastic Markov switching regimes has been applied. The results indicate that disruptive technologies have an impact on Spanish banking stock returns and that the effects are volatility regime dependent, having a relevant positive impact in high volatility regimes and a less relevant negative impact in low volatility regimes. These findings suggest that investors are informed about and acknowledge the advantages of disruptive technologies and will use their adoption as a business strategy to offset adverse market circumstances. During stable market conditions, on the other hand, Spanish banking seems to have less expectations about disruptive technology as a business strategy. To summarise, this paper provides insights into the role of the pricing of banking-related assets and has other relevant implications for investors that include disruptive technology or banking exposed investments in their portfolios.

The ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator was proposed by Yager back in 1988 and constitutes a parameterized family of aggregation functions between the minimum and the maximum. The purpose of this paper is to perform a bibliometric review of this aggregation operator during the last 35 years through the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection database and the Visualization of Similarities (VOS) viewer software. The results show that the OWA operator is an increasingly popular aggregation operator, especially in Computer Science. The results also allow the assertion that Yager, as expected, is still the most influential and productive author. Moreover, the study reveals that institutions from over 80 countries have contributed to OWA research, highlighting the high presence of Chinese universities and the emergence of Pakistani ones. Other interesting findings are presented to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of the OWA operator literature.