Turkey is the leading producer and exporter of hazelnuts, producing approximately 64% of global hazelnut production. This research investigated the effects of cultivars and altitude on the phenolic, antioxidant, and fatty acid compositions of five hazelnut cultivars grown at three different altitudes, 100 m, 350 m, and 800 m, in Ordu province, one of the territories that produce the most hazelnuts. The results showed that the cultivar and location significantly affected phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, and fatty acid (FA) content. The lowest (2.30 mg/kg-Yağlı) and highest (21.11 mg/kg-Kara) gallic acids were obtained at 100 m. The highest total phenolic content and antioxidant activity were found in the nuts grown at 350 m in the Kara and Palaz cultivars, at 100 m in the Yağlı and Sivri cultivars, and at 800 m in the Çakıldak cultivar. Oleic acid was the predominant FA in the cultivars and possessed a diverse trend according to the altitude and cultivar, ranging from 76.04% to 84.80%, increasing with altitude in all cultivars except Çakıldak. Palmitic acid was the predominant saturated FA followed by stearic acid, which significantly varied according to the elevations. This study suggests that the responses of hazelnuts to altitude depend on the cultivar; hence, a proper approach to producing nuts containing more phenolic, fatty acids, and antioxidant activity includes choosing a suitable cultivar for a specific elevation.

Organic farming is a human and environment friendly production system that is based on soil fertility and food safety without using chemical fertilizers and pesticides in production, aiming to re-establish the deteriorated ecological balance as a result of harmful production practices. Organic products attract the interest of consumers as they are strongly perceived as healthier products compared to conventional food. This study aimed to determine the differences in chemical, mineral, and fatty acid characteristics between conventionally and organically cultivated Ferragnes and Ferraduel almond cultivars. When conventional and organic almonds were evaluated in terms of fatty acids, proximate compositions, and minerals, crude oil and Mg were statistically insignificant, while Cu was significant (P < 0.05) and all others were quite significant (P < 0.001). Total sugar was higher in organic samples compared to conventional samples in both cultivars. The crude oil and linoleic acid (12.93% for Ferragnes and 14.99% for Ferraduel) were higher in conventional samples but oleic acid (78.9% for Ferragnes and 81.08% for Ferraduel) was higher in organic samples. In addition, organic samples contained higher Mg and Fe but lower P, K, Ca, Na, Zn, Mn and Cu when compared with conventional samples. The results indicate that conventionally cultivated almonds present higher mineral content and lower fatty acid value compared to organically cultivated almonds.

Anavatanları arasında Anadolu’nun da olduğu bilinen fındık, asırlardır ülkemizde yetiştirilmektedir. Ordu ilinde yaygın olarak yetiştirilen fındık çeşitleri Çakıldak ve Yağlı olmakla birlikte diğer çeşitlerle de yetiştiricilik yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada; Türkiye toplam fındık üretiminin %31.64’nü ve Karadeniz Bölgesi üretiminin %36.34’nü karşılayan Ordu ilinde yetiştirilen fındık çeşitlerinin (Çakıldak, Kara, Palaz, Sivri ve Yağlı) meyve özellikleri üzerine rakım ve lokasyon farkının etkisi incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla rakımları düşük (100 m = Turnasuyu), orta (350 m =Yemişli) ve yüksek (800 m =Yeşilyurt) olan bahçelerde yetiştirilen bu beş fındık çeşidinden iki yıl süreyle (2016-2017) meyve örnekleri alınmış, çeşitli ölçüm ve tartımlar yapılmıştır. Farklı lokasyonlarda yetiştirilen fındık çeşitlerinde ortalama kabuklu meyve ağırlığı 1.52 g (Çakıldak çeşidi-350 m) ve 2.92 g (Kara çeşidi-350 m) arasında, iç ağırlığı 0.80 g (Sivri çeşidi -350 m)-1.47 g (Kara çeşidi -350 m) arasında, iç oranı %46.88 (Sivri çeşidi -350 m)-55.52 (Çakıldak çeşidi -350 m) arasında, kabuk kalınlığı 0.94 mm (Yağlı çeşidi -350 m)-1.29 mm (Kara çeşidi -800 m) arasında, meyve iriliği 14.27 mm (Sivri çeşidi -350 m)-18.67 mm (Kara çeşidi -350 m) arasında ve beyazlaşma oranı da %0.00 (Sivri- çeşidi 350 ve 800 m)- %87.58 (Palaz çeşidi-800 m) arasında değişmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; Ordu ilinin farklı rakımlarında yetiştirilen fındık çeşitlerinde bazı meyve kalite özelliklerinin değişkenlik gösterdiği ortaya çıkmıştır.

Shalakh (Aprikoz), the most common table apricot cultivar grown in Iğdır province of Turkey, is known for its delicious taste, large volume, high water content, and short shelf life. This study aimed to determine optimal harvest time of cv. Shalakh apricot by measuring some significant physical and chemical parameters. Fruits were collected periodically at interval of 7 day during the study period. Weight, length, width, thickness, sphericity, color, color indices, soluble solids content, pH, firmness, elasticity, phenolic content (gallic acid and catechin) and organic acids (citric acid and ascorbic acid) were evaluated. Weight, length, width, thickness and sphericity traits increased gradually and reached the highest levels at 10th week after the full bloom. Color parameters (L*, a*, b*, C*, h° and ΔE), hardness, elasticity and organic acids indicated the optimal harvest time of cv. Shalakh of 10th week after the full bloom. Unlike previous studies, SSC and pH didn’t show clear information for harvest time.

En tr This study was conducted on 16 walnut genotypes grown from seed to determine some pomological, chemical properties and mineral content in Iğdır province in the years of 2013 and 2014. Fruit weight, kernel weight and kernel ratio of selected walnut genotypes as pomological properties ranged between 10.80-15.77 g, 5.15-7.46 g and 42.87-58.35%, respectivelity. Chemical properites of selected genotypes such as fat, protein, ash and moisture content varied from 50.03 to 64.98%, 10.23 to 22.14%, 0.97 to 3.96% and 3.05 to 4.48%, respectively. Additionally, the mineral contents of these genotypes contained 2.11 N %, 314.69 mg 100g-1 P, 432.58 mg 100g-1 K, 288.25 mg 100g-1 Ca, 225.51 mg 100g-1 Mg, 2.91 mg 100g-1 Cu, 2.97 mg 100g-1 Zn, 16.10 mg 100g-1 Fe, 4.18 mg 100g-1 Mn and 11.45 mg 100g-1 Na. The nitrogen (N) content in promising genotypes was found higher than those of the other mineral contents. This was followed by Potassium (K), Phosphorus (P), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), İron (Fe), Sodium (Na), Manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn) and Copper (Cu), respectively. Bu çalışma 2013 ve 2014 yıllarında Iğdır ilinde tohumdan yetişmiş 16 adet ceviz genotipin pomolojik özellikleri, kimyasal ve mineral içeriklerini belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Selekte edilen ceviz genotiplerinin pomolojik özelliklerinden kabuklu meyve ağırlığı, iç ağırlığı ve iç oranı sırasıyla 10.80-15.77 g, 5.15-7.46 g ile % 42.87-58.35 arasında değişmiştir. Seçilen genotiplerin yağ, protein, kül ve nem içerikleri ise sırasıyla % 50.03-64.98, % 10.23-22.14, % 0.97-3.96 ve % 3.05-4.48 arasında değişmiştir. Ayrıca, bu genotiplerin mineral madde içerikleri ortalama olarak % 2.11 N, 314.69 mg 100g-1 P, 432.58 mg 100g-1 K, 288.25 mg 100g-1 Ca, 225.51 mg 100g-1 Mg, 2.91 mg 100g-1 Cu, 2.97 mg 100g-1 Zn, 16.10 mg 100g-1 Fe, 4.18 mg 100g-1 Mn ve 11.45 mg 100g-1 Na olarak belirlenmiştir. Ümitvar genotiplerde azot (N) içeriği diğer minerallere kıyasla daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Bunu sırasıyla Potasyum (K), Fosfor (P), Kalsiyum (Ca), Magnezyum (Mg), Demir (Fe), Sodyum (Na), Mangan (Mn), Çinko (Zn) ve Bakır (Cu) takip etmiştir.