Objective: to analyze the availability and affordability of pharmaceuticals for children in need of palliative care.Materials and methods. The price, affordability and physical availability of pharmaceuticals for children in need of palliative care were analyzed in accordance with the Health Action International guidelines of the World Health Organization. Linear distribution index (LDI) was calculated to produce the best estimates of availability. Research data was sourced from AlphaRM (as of April 26, 2021) and International Medicine Reference Piece Data. The data array was based on the fiscal data provided by pharmacies. The research was carried out on the total population of pharmacies in the Russian Federation (69,050 pharmacies) and in St. Petersburg (1986 pharmacies).Results. Pharmaceutical price and affordability estimates show that low-priced generics, which cover over 75% of the whole range, have the most optimal median value of the median price ratio (MPR<1) on top of low affordability ratios (AR1). Midazolam (AR=2.494), morphine (AR=2.324), and celecoxib (AR=1.373) had low affordability. Notably, prescription-based pharmaceuticals such as diazepam, midazolam, tramadol, morphine, and fentanyl had the lowest physical availability scores (LDI60%).Conclusions. The results call for better organizational action in the pharmaceutical industry to provide due drug regimens to children in need of palliative care.

The aim is to characterize the use of medications in pediatric inpatients with community-acquired pneumonia.Materials and methods. Medical records of 547 children treated for community-acquired pneumonia in 4 medical organizations in St. Petersburg over 2015-2017 were analyzed.The results of this retrospective study (N = 547) showed that children aged 1 to 3 years were most vulnerable (31.44%). Along with that, 45.70% of patients had concomitant diseases; among those, acute respiratory infections of the upper respiratory tract prevailed (32.20%). As for the medications, the category J drugs “Antimicrobials of systemic action” were most commonly used (30.30%) and contributed the largest part in the total drug costs (80.22%). Specifically, the greatest contribution was made by the J01D group «Beta-lactam antibacterial drugs, other» (64.54%); their cost took 77.22% of the expenses and covered 48.97% of the drug list.

The purpose of this review was to conduct a comparative assessment of the concepts of therapy for pediatric patients with COVID-19 in the framework of global clinical practice. A structural analysis of the range of drugs and treatment strategies in the context of etiotropic, pathogenetic, and symptomatic therapy has shown that in the global context and in real clinical practice, the etiotropic-pathogenetic approach based on information about the effectiveness of individual medical technologies prevails today. It has been established that eight international nonproprietary/grouping names are present in international practice as means of etiotropic therapy for pediatric patients with COVID-19, and 18 positions are used for pathogenetic therapy. In terms of frequency of occurrence, the leading positions are occupied by remdesivir and the combination of nirmatrelvir with ritonavir, as well as dexamethasone and tocilizumab. The paper emphasizes the relevance of research in the field of evaluating the effectiveness of individual treatment regimens as well as the analysis of the delayed consequences of pathology suffered in childhood under the conditions of using various approaches to pharmacotherapy.

The article presents a study on the structural assessment of the range of drugs for the treatment of hepatitis C. Methods of content analysis, data aggregation, grouping, comparative and marketing analysis have been used. The information base of the study was the State Register of Medicines and National Register of Medicines of April 24, 2020, as well as instructions for the medical use of drugs. It was revealed that 52 trade names of medicinal products (23 INN) and 17 substances had been registered in the Russian Federation. The analysis carried out by pharmaceutical producing countries has shown that the leading positions in the supply structure are occupied by Russian manufacturers (73.08%). Structuring by dosage forms enables to isolate tablets, covering 32.69%, as well as solutions and capsules, which are 23.08%, respectively. The largest share in the structure of the assortment of substances is occupied by interferon alpha-2b (20.93%). The results of the analysis has shown that the manufacturer carries out all stages of production for the majority of drugs. The index of renewal of the researched drug market over the past 5 years is 16.27%.

The purpose evaluated the range of drugs for the etiopathogenetic treatment of children with acute viral infections. The methods of content analysis, data aggregation, comparative analysis are used. The research information base was made up of State Register of Medicines and National Registry of Medicines data as of 26 November 2019, as well as instructions for the medical use of drugs. It is shown that in the Russian Federation 201 trade names of drugs (35 INN) and 57 substances are registered. The leading positions in the structure of the supply of drugs and substances are held by russian manufacturers (76,00% and 70,00%, respectively). At the same time, structuring by dosage forms allows one to isolate tablets and powders (39,00% and 78,00% for finished dosage forms and substances, respectively). Acyclovir prevails in the structure of the range of medicines (25,00% and 19,00% for international non-proprietary and trade names, respectively). The largest share in the structure of the assortment of substances is covered by interferon alfa-2b (17,50%). The results of the analysis demonstrate that for most drugs, the manufacturer carries out all stages of production, including issuing quality control (67,00%). For 2015-2019, the renewal index of the assortment of the study group was 22,38%. Given the uncontrolled increase in the incidence rate, the presented assortment of antiviral and immunomodulating agents is sufficient to satisfy the needs of Russian pediatrics. One of the promising vectors for the development of the pharmaceutical industry in terms of providing medicines for children with acute viral infections is the development of drugs in the form of children's corrected forms.

The aim of this study is to assess the life quality of patients with stable coronary artery disease after angioplasty and stenting of coronary arteries at the post-hospital stage.Materials and methods. Methods of the sociological analysis (questionnaire surveys) and methods of mathematical statistics (descriptive statistics, time series method, factor and variance analyses) were used at different stages of the prospective observational study. The research materials were as follows:1458 electronic patient records with a stable coronary heart disease (SCHD) after angioplasty and stenting of coronary arteries (ASCA); 620 questionnaires filled in by patients before the surgery, 1, 6, 12 months after discharge. The statistical analysis was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics software.Results. The results of a comprehensive survey make it possible for us to assert that during the studied period, stable good healths of cardiac surgery patients with ASCA were maintained. Within the framework of the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire, it was revealed that more than 50% of patients have no physiological problems. The results of the SAQ analysis demonstrate that 58% of the patients feel better, and more than 34% of the patients do not have shortness of breath 1 year after the surgery. A statistically significant improvement in their healths was established according to a visual analogue scale relatively to the annual observation mark (62.82 ± 20.95), which corresponds to the high results assessment of the medical technology use. At the same time, 53% of the patients notify that the treatment results meet their own expectations.Conclusion. The proposed calculation of the integrated index of patients’ treatment efficiency demonstrated by the patients with stable coronary heart disease after angioplasty and stenting of the coronary arteries is based on the results of the factor analysis. This calculation can be used to assess the efficiency of pharmacotherapy in the framework of a value-oriented approach to the treatment of a number of other pathologies.