Combination of bovine serum albumin with microemulsions as constituting ingredient biopolymer has long been regarded an innovative method to address the surface functionalization and stability issues in the targeted payload deliveries, thereupon producing effectively modified microemulsions, which are superior in loading capacity, transitional and shelf-stability, as well as site-directed/site-preferred delivery, has become a favored option. The current study aimed to develop an efficient, suitable and functional microemulsion system encapsulating sesame oil (SO) as a model payload towards developing an efficient delivery platform. UV-VIS, FT-IR, and FE-SEM were used to characterize, and analyze the developed carrier. Physicochemical properties assessments of the microemulsion by dynamic light scattering size distributions, zeta-potential, and electron micrographic analyses were performed. The mechanical properties for rheological behavior were also studied. The HFF-2 cell line and hemolysis assays were conducted to ascertain the cell viability, and in vitro biocompatibility. The in vivo toxicity was determined based on a predicted median lethal dose (LD₅₀) model, wherein the liver enzymes’ functions were also tested to assess and confirm the predicted toxicity.

The periparturient period, which spans late pregnancy to early lactation in dairy cows, is a crucial phase characterized by complex metabolic and endocrine adjustments necessary for sustained milk production. This research focused on the relationship between serum vaspin, inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, TNF), and markers of negative energy balance (NEB) in 100 primiparous and multiparous Holstein dairy cows. The results demonstrated that one month post-calving, both groups had a significant decrease in serum vaspin levels but increased NEFA levels, indicating possible consequences for lipid metabolism and energy balance. Multiparous cows showed significant elevations in cholesterol, IL-1, and TNF concentrations after calving, indicating increased inflammatory responses. Primiparous cows, on the other hand, responded differently, indicating the role of parity in metabolic adjustments. The study acknowledges limitations such as sample size and its observational nature. Future research should investigate the long-term effects of these metabolic changes on herd health and lactational performance, using advanced technologies to gain a molecular understanding. Despite limitations, this study provides valuable insights into how adipokines, inflammatory markers, and energy balance interact during the periparturient period, offering the potential for improved dairy cow management and productivity while ensuring animal welfare.

The present study was undertaken to know the reproductive toxicity of mercury chloride in male and females of white rats. This study was used twelve (6 male and 6 females) white rats of approximately of the same body weight (200-220 g) divided equally in to 3 groups; the first group (T1) was received mercury chloride (1mg/kg B.W intraperitoneally once daily for 30 days). While the second group (T2) was received, mercury chloride (1.5mg/kg B.W intraperitoneally once daily for 30 days).Third group was received only0.2ml of Distilled water considered as control group. At the end of an experiment, the animals were sacrificed and small pieces of (2cm³) were taken from ovary, uterus and testis of all animals to histopathology. Histopathological sections of these organs of (T2) group was showed severe pathological changes characterized by vaculation in epithelial cells of uterus, cystic dilatation of uterine glands with degeneration of epithelial lining of its ,hemorrhage and decrease in number of growing follicles in ovary also there were sever pathological changes in the testes. While (T1) group was showed less pathological changes characterized by hyperplasia of epithelial lining with few and small uterine gland in uterus, presence of large secondary follicles in ovary and there were less pathological changes in testes.

The aim of present study was detected the effect of Mitomycin-c on the histological structure on male reproductive organ. In this study used (24) healthy adult male rats were divided into three groups, each group includes (8) animals: the 1st toxic group was injected (6.5mg/kg) of Mitomycin-c subcutaneous (s/c) once daily, the 2ed therapeutic or low dose group was injected (3.25 mg/kg) of Mitomycin-c subcutaneous (s/c) once daily, while the 3rd control group was injected physiological normal saline (0.9% NaCl2). The experimental period was (10) weeks. Animal, which were treated with Mitomycin-c along the period of experiment showed, sever pathological changes, particularly in testes and epididymis.