This paper examines the impact of climate policy uncertainty (CPU) on carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions of 1007 listed firms over 2003–2021. As the urgency to combat climate change and implement effective policies may create uncertainty, it focuses on the Unites States, a significant emitter with a complex policy landscape. Using the two‐step system generalized method of moments estimation, the analysis reveals a negative CPU–CO₂ emissions relationship, indicating that increased CPU incentivizes firms to adopt sustainable practices, leading to emissions reductions. Capital expenditures have similar effects on emissions, accompanied by increased corporate sustainability engagement. However, no significant relationship is found between research and development (R&D) expenditure and CO₂ emissions, nor does CPU significantly moderate the R&D–CO₂ emissions nexus. Firms with substantial fixed assets exhibit higher CO₂ emissions, while heavy emitters demonstrate limited CPU responsiveness. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers encouraging corporate participation in emissions reduction efforts.

The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of integrated reporting (IR) on the cost of financing within the Turkish capital market. Specifically, we analyze the effects of IR on the weighted average cost of capital (WACC), cost of equity (COE), and cost of debt (COD) for companies listed on Borsa Istanbul. Additionally, we explore how IR moderates the relationship between environmental, social, and governance (ESG) scores and the cost of financing. Our panel data analysis reveals a positive association between IR and both WACC and COD, while the impact on COE is not statistically significant. However, the findings suggest that the utilization of IR by companies to enhance the communication of their value-creating activities can mitigate WACC and COD, thus indicating a moderating effect on the relationship between ESG factors and the cost of financing.