In the last few decades, the search for metal nanoparticles as an alternative to cancer treatments and antibiotics has increased. In this article, the spectroscopic (ultraviolet–visible (UV-vis), electron-dispersing X-ray (EDX), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR)), microscopic (field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and atomic force microscope (AFM)), structural (X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and zetasizer), and analytic (thermogravimetric/differential thermal analyzer (TGA-DTA)) characterization of the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) produced from Papaver rhoeas (PR) L. leaf extract are presented. PR-AgNPs are generally spherical and have a maximum surface plasmon resonance of 464.03 nm. The dimensions of the manufactured nanomaterial are in the range of 1.47–7.31 nm. PR-AgNPs have high thermal stability and a zeta potential of −36.1 mV. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values (mg L⁻¹) of PR-AgNPs on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans are 1.50, 0.75, 3.00, 6.00, and 0.37, respectively. In the study, the cytotoxic and proliferative effects of PR-AgNPs using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) method on various cancer cell lines (CACO-2 (human colon adenocarcinoma cell), MCF-7 (human breast cancer cell), T98-G (glioblastoma multiforme cell), and healthy HUVEC (human umbilical vein endothelial cell)) cell lines are presented. After 24 and 48 h of the application, the half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values (μg mL⁻¹) of PR-AgNPs on HUVEC, CACO-2, MCF-7, and T98-G lines are 2.365 and 2.380; 2.526 and 2.521; 3.274 and 3.318; 3.472 and 3.526, respectively. Comprehensive in vivo research of PR-AgNPs is proposed to reveal their potential for usage in sectors such as nanomedicine and nanochemistry.

The Allium turcicum L. (Zuzubak) plant as a cultivated vegetable have various health benefits and consumed as a food. Due to the shortcoming evidence in literature and the importance of this plant in folk medicine, in the present study, for the first time, we evaluated the bioactive profile of components (using LC-MS/MS), cytotoxicity, anticancer, antioxidant, and antibacterial prospectives of Zuzubak methanol extract. Reported results show that the extract is rich in bioactive compounds and has anticancer activity with breast cancer cells (MCF-7), human prostate cancer cells (DU-145), and Human osteosarcoma cancer Cell lines of (IC50) in dose dependent manner in the concentration range of 31.25 μg/mL and 2000 μg/mL for 24 and 48 h. Western blotting results determined that the extract significantly suppressed the growth of U2OS, MCF-7, and DU-145 cancer cells by down expression of Ang-1 (angiogenic protein) and Beclin-1 (autophagy protein) and overexpression of Bax (a proapoptotic protein). The oxidative stress indices showed a reduction in RPE-1 and MCF-7 cells and an upsurge in U2OS and DU-145 cells. Additionally, the antimicrobial assay showed suppression of the growth of various pathogenic microorganisms in 4.00–8.00 μg/concentrations of Zuzubak extract using the microdilution method. The phytochemicals identified showed promising anticancer, antioxidant effects, and antimicrobial properties, representing a valuable herbal source for drug development studies.

This study was carried out to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Arum dioscoridis (AD) leaf extract and to investigate the cytotoxic and antipathogenic effects of them. The plant material had a reducing and stabilizing effect on the synthesized nanomaterial. During the plant-mediated synthesis of nanomaterials, no substances that would cause environmental pollution were used. For the structural characterization of AD-AgNPs, Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) Spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Electron Dispersive X-ray (EDX) Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Zetasizer analyses were performed. The produced AgNPs showed maximum surface plasmon resonance at 431.67 nm and had mostly spherical morphology. The zeta potential value of the nanomaterial was -9.76 mV and the average powder crystal size was 31.48 nm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values (mg/L) of AD-AgNPs on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans were 0.25, 2.00, 0.125, 4.00, and 1.00, respectively. After 24 and 48 hours of application by MTT [3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difeniltetrazolium bromid] assay, the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50: μg/mL) of AD-AgNPs on human colon adenocarcinoma cell (CACO-2), human breast cancer cell (MCF-7), glioblastoma multiforme cell (T98-G), and healthy human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) lines were determined as 2.977, 2.801, 5.694, 4.392; 2.115, 2.300, 2.612, 4.091, respectively.

The search for alternative methods in cancer treatments has been going on for many years. In the current study conducted for this purpose, selenium nanoparticles (ML-SeNPs) were produced from the aqueous leaf extract of Mentha longifolia L. easily and inexpensively, without harming the environment. The anticancer potential of ML-SeNPs on glioblastoma cell (U373), osteosarcoma cell (U2OS), and healthy retinal pigment epithelial cell (RPE-1) lines was determined by MTT (3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-difeniltetrazolium bromid) test. For the test, ML-SeNPs were applied at 100, 300, and 600 µg/mL levels and interaction was provided for 24 and 48 hours. The survival rates (%) in RPE-1, U373, and U2OS cell lines in the 24-hour application were 107.49-98.89, 97.66-86.82, and 87.81-83.37, respectively. The viability rates (%) of the cells in 48 hours of application were 72.27-87.39, 68.17-73.48, and 81.00-84.67, respectively. In general, it was discovered that the cytotoxic effect of ML-SeNPs on RPE-1, U373, and U2OS cell lines was greater at low doses and increased over time. In-vivo studies that support the antiproliferative action of ML-SeNPs may boost the prospect of using them as therapeutic agents in potential cancer treatment procedures in the following years.

Recently, there has been a remarkable increase in cancer and cancer-related deaths. In this study, the impacts of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) produced from the aqueous leaf extract of Mentha longifolia L. (ML) on ovary adenocarcinoma (OVCAR-3), colorectal carcinoma (HCT-116), and healthy retinal pigment epithelial cell (RPE-1) lines were investigated. The MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) test was performed to discover its antiproliferative properties. As a result of the application of ML-ZnONPs on RPE-1, OVCAR-3, and HCT-116 cell lines at doses (µg/mL) of 250, 500, and 1000 for 24 hours, the viability rates (%) in the cell lines were 18.73-30.56, 21.98-28.76, and 27.27-40.93, respectively. In the 48-hour application, the viability rates (%) of the same cells were between 29.51-46.83, 32.49-40.81, and 46.82-44.37, respectively. The MTT test revealed that ML-ZnONPs strongly suppressed the growth of RPE-1, OVCAR-3, and HCT-116 cell lines. The test showed that the effect of dose increase and time on the viability of both cancer cell lines was negative.