Background: The current pandemic has affected people's health multidimension-ally. This study aims to investigate musculoskeletal pain, sleep quality, depression levels, and their relationships in individuals belonging to different age groups during COVID-19 in Turkey. Methods: A web-based self-administered survey that consisted of demographic questions, The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and scores of musculoskeletal pain was sent to participants. Pearson cor-relation analysis was used for determining the statistical relationship between vari-ables. Results: The study includes 1,778 participants. The highest percentage for mild, moderate, and severe pain was in the head (49.8%), back (15.5%), and head (11.5%), respectively. The PSQI-total had shown a weak correlation with pain levels in all body parts. The highest correlation for sleep quality and pain levels was be-tween the PSQI-5 and lower back pain. There was a weak correlation between PSQI-2 and the BDI score, and a moderate correlation between the PSQI-1, PSQI-5, PSQI-7, PSQI-total, and BDI score. Pain in all body parts showed a weak correlation with depression level. Conclusions: This study showed that musculoskeletal pain was varied in body parts with different intensities according to age groups in Turkey during the pandemic. The most common pain was in the head, back, and lower back. Headache was found correlated with the parameters of sleep quality. Pain of the head, neck, back, lower back, and shoulder were correlated with sleep latency. Sleep quality was as-sociated with depression and musculoskeletal pain, while musculoskeletal pain was correlated with depression.

Background: OA is a problem that cartilage damage occurs, which leads to stiffness in the joint, pain and functional limitations (1). This problem can also cause psychosocial impact like other chronic diseases (2). As with other rheumatic diseases, this complex picture of inflammation required biopsychosocial approaches and measurement methods for knee OA. Objectives: This study was planned to investigate the validity and reliability of a new biopsychosocial questionnaire which is named Cognitive Exercise Therapy Approach Biopsychosocial Questionnaire (BETY-BQ) in individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: The study included 150 individuals who diagnosed knee osteoarthritis at stage 1 or 2 according to the Kellgren-Lawrence scale. For determining daily living activities; Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), for quality of life Short Form-36 (SF-36) Quality of Life Scale, for anxiety and depression levels; Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), for severity of disease Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and for biopsychosocial evaluation BETY-BQ were used. Results: The correlation between BETY-BQ and other scales was examined by Spearman correlation analysis (r=-0.252, 0.633, p<0,05). Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and item-total correlation were used as reliability methods. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was examined for the internal consistency of the scale and was found to be 0.887 for the first evaluation, 0.917 for measurements after 1 week and 0.843 for measurements after 3 months. Item total correlation, which was another indicator of reliability, ranged from 0.632 to 0.854 (p<0.05). Correlation coefficients between all questionnaires and Cognitive Exercise Therapy Approach Biopsychosocial Questionnaire (BETY-BQ). Conclusion: As a result of our study, it was concluded that BETY-BQ is a valid and reliable biopsychosocial questionnaire in individuals with knee OA diagnosis. This result showed that BETY-BQ can be used in clinics to evaluate biopsychosocial involvement in patients with knee OA. References: [1]Hunter DJ, Felson DT. Clinical review: osteoarthritis. British Medical Journal [periódico online]. 2006:639-42 [2]Axford J, Butt A, Heron C, Hammond J, Morgan J, Alavi A, et al. Prevalence of anxiety and depression in osteoarthritis: use of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale as a screening tool. Clinical rheumatology. 2010;29(11):1277-83. Disclosure of Interests: None declared

Purpose: This study was planned to investigate the effect of gender on pain, upper extremity functions and quality of life in patients with type I and type II diabetes. Methods: A total of 130 patients with type-I and type-II diabetes were included in this study, which was a web-based cross-sectional study. In the study, arm, shoulder and hand problems questionnaire, Michigan hand outcome questionnaire, numerical rating scale for upper extremity pain severity, neuropathic pain questionnaire-Short Form, and World Health Organization quality of life questionnaires were used. Results: While women's scores on the pain subscale of the Michigan hand outcome questionnaire were higher than men (p = 0.006), the scores on the function subscale were lower (p = 0.037). When the working subscale scores of the disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand questionnaire were examined, it was determined that the function level of women was lower (p = 0.016). Conclusion: Diabetes has a different impact on men and women in terms of pain, upper extremity function, and overall health. Women appear to be more affected than men in terms of pain and upper extremity function.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the biopsychosocial exercise model applied via telerehabilitation on individuals with rheumatism during the COVID-19 epidemic.Methods: Individuals with rheumatic diseases received telerehabilitation 3 times a week for 24 weeks via a social messaging program intervention sessions formed from 10 minutes of dance therapy-authentic movement, 40 minutes of exercises, and 10 minutes of dance therapy. This exercise content was based on the biopsychosocial model, named as Cognitive Exercise Therapy Approach (BETY) which was a method that individuals had already practiced before the pandemic. The Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) was used to assess the level of disability, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess mood involvement, and the BETY Biopsychosocial Questionnaire (BETY-BQ) was used to assess biopsychosocial involvement level. Evaluations were made at the beginning of the study and repeated at the 12th and 24th weeks.Results: A total of 28 individuals with rheumatic diseases were included in the study and their mean age was 56.50 ± 5.51 years. There was a significant difference between the first and second assessment of HAQ (p= 0.031), between the first and second assessment of BETY-BQ (p= 0.004) and between the third and first assessment (p= 0.015).Conclusion: The application of BETY with telerehabilitation helped individuals maintain the level of recovery they had previously achieved in terms of disability, mood level and biopsychosocial. These results indicate that individuals with rheumatic diseases can continue the remote application via telerehabilitation to support their health after experiencing biopsychosocial exercise approaches face-to-face.

Objectives: This study investigated sleep parameters and their associations with physical activity, musculoskeletal pain, depressive symptoms, and fatigue among academic staff and students, compared with other adults, during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown in Türkiye. Materials and methods: This web-based cross-sectional study used a one-time online survey administered through Google Forms between May 22, 2020, and July 13, 2020. Sleep quality, physical activity, pain intensity, depressive symptoms, and fatigue were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form, Numeric Rating Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and Fatigue Severity Scale, respectively. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the three groups. Spearman's rank correlation analysis was used to examine associations between PSQI scores and the other study variables. Results: A total of 1,778 participants from Türkiye (647 males, 1,131 females; mean age: 28.26 ± 10.75 years; range, 18 to 72 years) were included in the study, comprising 278 academic staff members, 880 students, and 620 adults from other occupations who formed the control group. PSQI scores were higher, indicating poorer sleep quality, in students than in academic staff and in academic staff than in controls (F = 33.99, p < 0.001). Students showed the greatest delays in both bedtime and wake-up time (approximately 138 min; F = 12.95, p < 0.001 and F = 15.90, p < 0.001, respectively). Higher PSQI scores were moderately associated with higher depressive symptom scores among academic staff (Spearman's ρ = 0.516, p < 0.001) and students (Spearman's ρ = 0.440, p < 0.001). Among academic staff, higher PSQI scores were also moderately associated with greater neck pain (ρ = 0.406, p < 0.001), back pain (ρ = 0.425, p < 0.001), and lower-back pain (ρ = 0.401, p < 0.001). Conclusion: During the COVID-19 lockdown, academic staff and students showed poorer sleep and less favorable scores for several health outcomes than the comparison group. Higher PSQI scores were associated with greater bedtime delay, screen exposure, musculoskeletal pain, depressive symptoms, and fatigue.