The sandstone reservoirs of the He8 member within the Lower Permian Shihezi Formation are important targets for oil and gas exploration in the southern Ningwu Basin. This study utilized thin-section identification, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis to examine the petrological features and reservoir characteristics, and evaluate the impact of the mineral composition and diagenesis type on the porosity of the sandstone reservoir. Additionally, a multiple linear regression prediction model was developed to predict the distribution of promising sandstone reservoirs in the study area. The results of the analysis revealed that the sandstone of the He8 member is mainly composed of feldspathic lithic sandstone, followed by lithic sandstone. The main reservoir type is characterized by secondarily dissolved pores and micropores within kaolinite aggregates. The low porosity (ranging from 0.2% to 10.7%) and permeability indicate that the He8 member is a tight sandstone reservoir. This reservoir has undergone compaction, cementation, and dissolution diagenesis, and is presently in the stage of mesodiagenesis B. The rigid framework of quartz, the dissolution of feldspar grains, and the intergranular pores of kaolinite are significant contributors to reservoir quality and the main drivers of porosity. In this study, a multivariate linear regression model was developed based on the mineral content of quartz, feldspar, carbonate minerals, kaolinite, smectite, and rock fragments, which accurately predicts the porosity of the studied reservoirs. Based on this model, it was predicted that the north of the Jingle South sub-depression contains a favorable reservoir space in the tight sandstone reservoir of the He8 member. The findings of this study hold significant reference value in the quantitative characterization of tight sandstone reservoirs with similar depositional and diagenetic characteristics, and improving the prediction effect of favorable reservoirs.