Next-generation high-brightness laser lighting confronts a key challenge in developing static luminescent materials with remarkable optical-thermal performances and low cost. Herein, a unique composite architecture of Y₃Al₅O₁₂:Ce³⁺ (YAG) phosphor-in-glass film coated on different heat-conducting substrates (PiGF@HCSs), i.e., PiGF@sapphire, PiGF@Al₂O₃, PiGF@AlN, and PiGF@BN-AlN composites, was designed and prepared by a simple film printing and low-temperature sintering technology. The heat-conducting substrates significantly affect the luminescence saturation and phosphor conversion of PiGF@HCSs, making the substrates with higher thermal conductivity (TC) can bear higher laser power density (LPD) and higher reflectivity can enable higher luminous efficacy (LE). As a consequence, the PiGF@sapphire realizes a luminous flux (LF) of 2076 lm@12 W/mm², which is higher than the PiGF@Al₂O₃ of 1890 lm@15 W/mm² and the PiGF@AlN of 1915 lm@24 W/mm², while the PiGF@BN-AlN enables a maximum LF of 3058 lm@21 W/mm². Furthermore, the LE of PiGF@BN-AlN reaches up to 194 lm/W, which is 1.6 times that of PiGF@AlN, while that of PiGF@sapphire and PiGF@Al₂O₃ are 192 lm/W and 150 lm/W, respectively. The working temperature of PiGF@AlN is only 93.3℃ under the LPD of 9 W/mm², while that of PiGF@sapphire, PiGF@Al₂O₃, and PiGF@BN-AlN rises to 193.8℃, 133.6℃, and 117℃, respectively. These findings will provide the guiding idea for the commercial applications of PiGF@HCS converters in high-brightness laser lighting and display.

Background: To explore the role of whole-lesion histogram analysis of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) derived from reduced field-of-view (rFOV) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) technique in discriminating histological grades of rectal carcinoma. Methods: Altogether, 49 patients with rectal cancer were enrolled in this retrospective study. All patients received preoperative 3.0 T MR scan. Histogram parameters from rFOV DWI were calculated and correlated with histological differentiation of rectal cancer. The parameters were compared between different histological grades of rectal cancer by independent Student’s t-test or Man-Whitney U-test. The Spearman correlation test analyzed correlations between histological grade and histogram parameters. The diagnostic performance of individual parameters for distinguishing poorly from well-/moderately differentiated tumors was assessed by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. Results: There were significant differences for ADCmean, 25^th, 50^th, 75^th, 90^th, 95^th percentiles, skewness, and kurtosis of rFOV DWI sequence between well-, moderately, and poorly differentiated rectal cancers (P<0.05). Significant correlations were noted between histological grades and the above histogram parameters (r=0.679, 0.540, 0.701, 0.730, 0.669, 0.574, −0.730, and −0.760 respectively, P<0.001). Among the individual histogram parameter, kurtosis achieved the highest AUC of 0.882 with an optimal cutoff value of 1.934 in distinguishing poorly from well-/moderately differentiated rectal cancers. The combination of ADCmean, 75^th percentile, and kurtosis yielded the highest AUC of 0.927 with a sensitivity of 88.00% and a sensitivity of 91.7% using logistic regression. Conclusions: Quantitative whole-lesion ADC histogram analysis based on the rFOV DWI technique could help differentiate histological grades of rectal cancer. The combination of ADCmean, 75^th percentile, and kurtosis may be the best choice.

Objective: To explore the diagnostic performance of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) and incoherent intravoxel movement (IVIM) in evaluating the clinical and pathological characteristics in chronic kidney disease (CKD) compared to conventional diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Methods: Forty-nine CKD patients and 24 healthy volunteers were included in this retrospective study from September 2020 to September 2021. All participants underwent MRI examinations before percutaneous renal biopsy. Coronal T 2WI, axial T 1WI and T 2WI, and DWI (including IVIM and DKI) sequences obtained in one scan. We measured the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), true diffusion coefficient (Dt), pseudo-diffusion coefficient (Dp), perfusion fraction (fp), mean kurtosis (MK), and mean diffusivity (MD) values. One-way analysis of variance, correlation analysis, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were used in our study. Results: Cortex and medulla ADC, MK, Dt, fp were significantly different between the healthy volunteers and CKD stages 1–2 (all p < 0.05). All diffusion parameters showed significant differences between CKD stages 1–2 and CKD stages 3–5 (all p < 0.05). Except for the uncorrelation between MDMedulla and vascular lesion score, all other diffusion parameters were low-to-moderately related to clinical and pathological indicators. fpMedulla was the best parameter to differentiate healthy volunteers from CKD stages 1–2. MKCortex was the best parameter to differentiate CKD stages 1–2 from that CKD stages 3–5. Conclusion: Renal cortex and medulla fp, Dt, and MK can provide more valuable information than ADC values for the evaluation of clinical and pathological characteristics of CKD patients, and thus can provide auxiliary diagnosis for fibrosis assessment and clinical management of CKD patients. Advances in knowledge: IVIM and DKI can provide more diagnostic valuable information for CKD patients than conventional DWI.