Purpose: To examine the prevalence of adherence to hearing aids and determine their rejection causes. Methods: This study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting terms for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We performed an electronic search using PubMed, BVS, and Embase. Results: 21 studies that met the inclusion criteria were selected. They analyzed a total of 12,696 individuals. We observed that the most common causes for positive adherence to hearing aid use included having a higher degree of hearing loss, patients being aware of their condition, and requiring the device in their daily life. The most common causes for rejection were the lack of perceived benefits or discomfort with the use of the device. The results from the meta-analysis show a prevalence of patients who used their hearing aid of 0.623 (95% CI 0.531, 0.714). Both groups are highly heterogeneous (I2 = 99.31% in each group, p < 0.05). Conclusions: A significant proportion of patients (38%) do not use their hearing aid devices. Homogeneous multicenter studies using the same methodology are needed to analyze the causes of rejection of hearing aids.

Objectives. Ménière disease (MD) is an idiopathic disorder that affects hearing and inner ear balance. Intratympanic gentamicin (ITG) is recognized as an effective treatment for uncontrolled MD characterized by persistent vertigo attacks despite therapy. The video head impulse test (vHIT) and skull vibration-induced nystagmus (SVIN) are validated methods for evaluating vestibular function. A progressive linear relationship has been identified between the slow-phase velocity (SPV) of SVIN determined using a 100-Hz skull vibrator and the gain difference (healthy ear/affected ear) measured by vHIT. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether the SPV of SVIN was associated with the recovery of vestibular function following ITG treatment. Consequently, we sought to determine whether SVIN could predict the onset of new vertigo attacks in patients with MD who were treated with ITG.Methods. A prospective longitudinal case-control study was conducted. Several variables were recorded post-ITG and throughout the follow-up period, followed by statistical analyses. Two groups were compared: patients who experienced vertigo attacks 6 months after ITG and those who did not.Results. The sample comprised 88 patients diagnosed with MD who underwent ITG treatment. Of the 18 patients who experienced recurring vertigo attacks, 15 demonstrated gain recovery in the affected ear. However, all 18 patients exhibited a decrease in the SPV of SVIN.Conclusion. The SPV of SVIN may be more sensitive than vHIT in identifying the recovery of vestibular function following ITG administration. To our knowledge, this is the first study to illustrate the link between a reduction in SPV and the likelihood of vertigo episodes in patients with MD who have been treated with ITG.

To analyze the influence of age and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) in the evolution of vestibular neuritis (VN). Methods: Retrospective cohort study. VN-diagnosed patients were included and divided into two groups: those with and without CVRFs. We analyzed the mean vestibular-ocular reflex (VOR) gain, measured through the video head impulse test (vHIT) at the diagnosis and one-year follow-up. We conducted a factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) to evaluate the effect of age, sex, and CVRFs in the mean VOR gain. Results: Sixty-three VN-diagnosed patients were included. There were no statistically significant differences in the mean VOR gain between both groups. However, in the subgroup analysis, there were statistically significant differences when comparing the mean VOR gain at the one-year follow-up between the group over 55 years of age 0.77 ± 0.20 and the group under 55 years 0.87 ± 0.15 (p = 0.036). Additionally, the factorial ANOVA demonstrated a significant main effect of age group on the mean VOR gain at the one-year follow-up (p = 0.018), and it also found a significant interaction between the factors of gender, age group, HTN (p = 0.043). Conclusions: CVRFs do not independently affect the mean VOR gain in VN patients’ follow-ups. However, age significantly impacts VOR gain in VN and could be modulated by gender and hypertension.

Introduction and Objective: The aim of our study was to demonstrate the clinical differences between idiopathic benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) and BPPV secondary to acute peripheral vestibular syndrome (APVS). Method: Retrospective case-control study. Data collection was obtained from medical records at our hospital. Demographic and clinical data of patients diagnosed with idiopathic BPPV and BPPV secondary to APVS were collected for analysis. Additionally, in the case group, a correlation was performed between peripheral vestibular deficit, measured through the video head impulse test (vHIT), and the number of maneuvers and time until resolution of BPPV. Results: Seventy-two patients were included, with 64% being women. The control group included 50 patients with idiopathic BPPV and 22 with BPPV secondary to APVS in the case group. In secondary BPPV, the posterior semicircular canal was affected in 100% of cases (OR: 1.2; 95% CI [1.088 - 1.436]). Both groups showed a vertigo resolution rate of 90% and 89%, respectively. The secondary BPPV group had a 4-fold higher recurrence risk (OR: 4.18; 95% CI [1.410 - 12.406]); they required more maneuvers (3.32 ± 2.2 vs. 1.7 ± 1.3, p = 0.004) and more time (61.9 days ± 73.1 vs. 12.9 days ± 9.6, p = 0.007) for BPPV resolution. Significant correlations were found between the difference in mean gain of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and the number of maneuvers (r = 0.462, p = 0.030) and the time until resolution (r = 0.577, p = 0.008). Discussion: Clinical differences exist between idiopathic BPPV and BPPV secondary to APVS, primarily in terms of the affected semicircular canal, a higher number of maneuvers, and a longer time in days until BPPV resolution. Furthermore, it was determined that a greater vestibular deficit in a patient with secondary BPPV to APVS requires a higher number of maneuvers and an extended time until BPPV resolution. Conclusions: BPPV secondary to APVS presents a higher risk of recurrence, requires a greater number of maneuvers, and takes longer to resolve compared to idiopathic BPPV. Introducción y objetivo: El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue demostrar las diferencias clínicas entre el vértigo posicional paroxístico benigno (VPPB) idiopático y secundario a síndrome vestibular agudo periférico (SVA). Método: Estudio de casos y controles, retrospectivo. La recolección de datos fue tomada de historias clínicas de nuestro hospital. Datos demográficos y clínicos de pacientes con diagnóstico de VPPB idiopático y secundario a SVA, fueron recogidos para el análisis. Además, en el grupo de los casos, se realizó una correlación entre el déficit vestibular periférico, medido a través del video head impulse test (vHIT), y el número de maniobras y tiempo hasta la resolución del VPPB. Resultados: Se incluyeron 72 pacientes, 64% mujeres. En el grupo control se incluyeron 50 pacientes con VPPB idiopático y 22 con VPPB secundario a SVA en el grupo de los casos. En el VPPB secundario, el canal semicircular posterior estuvo afectado en el 100% (OR: 1.2; IC 95% [1,088 - 1,436]). Ambos grupos mostraron una resolución del vértigo del 90% y 89%, respectivamente. El grupo de VPPB secundario tuvo 4 veces más riesgo de recurrencia (OR: 4.18; IC 95% [1.410 - 12.406]); necesitaron más maniobras (3.32 ± 2.2 vs. 1.7 ± 1.3, p = 0.004) y tiempo (61.9 días ± 73.1 vs. 12.9 días ± 9.6, p = 0.007) para la resolución del VPPB. Se encontraron correlaciones significativas entre la diferencia de ganancia media del reflejo vestíbulo-ocular (RVO) y el número de maniobras (r = 0.462, p = 0.030) y el tiempo hasta la resolución (r = 0.577, p = 0.008). Discusión: Existen diferencias clínicas entre el VPPB idiopático y secundario a SVA, principalmente en términos de canal semicircular afecto, mayor número de maniobras y tiempo en días hasta la resolución del VPPB. Además, de determinar que a mayor déficit vestibular en un paciente con VPPB secundario a SVA, necesitará un mayor número de maniobras y un tiempo prolongado hasta la resolución del VPPB. Conclusiones: El VPPB secundario a SVA presenta un mayor riesgo de recurrencia, precisa de un mayor número de maniobras y tiempo hasta la resolución del VPPB en comparación con el VPPB idiopático.

Introducción y objetivo: En la edad pediátrica, el vértigo constituye una entidad menos frecuente en comparación con los adultos, con una prevalencia probablemente subestimada. El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue determinar la prevalencia del vértigo infantil a través de la revisión de la literatura y metanálisis. Método: Búsqueda sistemática en bases de datos como PubMed, WoS, BVS, CARPHA y EMBASE, siguiendo las directrices PRISMA. Se incluyeron estudios epidemiológicos sobre vértigo en niños de 0 a 14 años y se evaluó el riesgo de sesgo con la escala ROBINS I. Realizamos un análisis cualitativo de las causas del vértigo según la literatura y un análisis cuantitativo sobre la prevalencia del vértigo infantil utilizando datos del SNS hasta abril de 2023. Utilizamos JAMOVI para el análisis estadístico y metanálisis, con un intervalo de confianza del 95% y un modelo de efectos aleatorios. Resultados: De los 29 artículos revisados, 22 fueron analizados, y se determinó una prevalencia global de vértigo infantil del 18.3% (IC 95%: 5.1-31.5%). Los diagnósticos se dividieron en tres grupos, destacando el vértigo periférico (66.74%). Además, en los registros del SNS de España, el vértigo afectó al 0.72% de los niños ingresados menores de 14 años, con un 4.77% de estos ingresos correspondiendo a niños en el mismo grupo de edad. Discusión: Nuestro estudio demostró que el vértigo infantil tiene una prevalencia del 18.3%, con el vértigo posicional paroxístico benigno (VPPB) como diagnóstico más frecuente. Aunque algunos estudios muestran discrepancias en las cifras de prevalencia, nuestra investigación subraya la complejidad de diagnosticar el vértigo en niños debido a la diversidad de etiologías. Conclusiones: En nuestro estudio, el vértigo afecta al 18% de los niños menores de 14 años, siendo el vértigo periférico la causa principal. Condiciones como VPPB, enfermedad de Ménière y migraña son comunes. Debido a la diversidad de estudios, determinar la prevalencia exacta es complejo. Estos hallazgos marcan una pauta para futuras investigaciones.

Introduction: T-type lymphoproliferative syndromes constitute 15% of all Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas. The most frequent extra nodal Lymphomas are located in the gastrointestinal area, followed by the cervico-facial area (34%). In the oral cavity, they are generally located in Waldeyer's ring (5-10%), with tongue lymphomas being the most infrequent, representing 3% of all Lymphomas in the cervical-facial area. Within the cutaneous forms, CD30+ lymphoproliferative disease is the second most frequent type of cutaneous T-type lymphoma. Description of the clinical case: A 78-year-old female patient referred from primary care due to a persistent lesion on the dorsum of the right side of the tongue, in addition to glossodynia and odynophagia. Physical examination revealed a grayish medallion nodular lesion that did not exceed the midline, indurated and painful on palpation. Under local anesthesia, a biopsy was taken, the same one that described the CD30+ T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder and with the result of the DNA of the sample sent to molecular biology with the presence of clonal rearrangement of T-cell receptor. With these results, a whole body PET-CT was requested, showing no suggestive foci of metabolically active lymphoproliferative infiltration. With these results, the patient was referred to the Hematology service for evaluation and subsequent pertinent treatment. Conclusions: Extranodal lymphomas located in the tongue, due to being very infrequent, represent a diagnostic challenge. Therefore, it is important to consider them while evaluating the patient in addition to an adequate clinical-pathological correlation, always supported by complementary imaging tests and of course, histology and molecular biology. Introducción: Los síndromes linfoproliferativos (SLP) de estipe T, constituyen el 15% de todos los linfomas No Hodking. La localización de los linfomas extra nodales más frecuentes se encuentra en el área gastrointestinal, seguida del área cérvico-facial (34%). En la cavidad oral se localizan por lo general en el anillo de Waldeyer (5-10%), siendo los linfomas de lengua los más infrecuentes, representando el 3% de todos los linfomas del área cérvico-facial. Dentro de las formas cutáneas, la enfermedad linfoproliferativa CD30+, constituye el segundo tipo más frecuente de linfoma cutáneo tipo T. Descripción del caso clínico: Paciente mujer de 78 años derivada de atención primaria por persistencia de lesión en el dorso de hemilengua derecha además de glosodinia y odinofagia. En la exploración física se describió lesión nodular en medallón grisácea que no sobrepasaba la línea media, indurada y dolorosa a la palpación. Bajo anestesia local, se realizó una toma de biopsia, la misma que describió proceso linfoproliferativo T-CD30+ y con resultado del ADN de la muestra enviada a biología molecular con presencia de reordenamiento clonal del receptor de células T. Con estos resultados, se solicitó prueba de imagen (PET-TAC) de cuerpo entero donde no se evidenciaron focos sugerentes de infiltración linfoproliferativa metabólicamente activa. Con estos resultados se derivó a la paciente al servicio de Hematología para su valoración y posterior tratamiento pertinente. Conclusiones: Los linfomas de localización extranodal en lengua al ser muy infrecuentes representan un reto diagnóstico, por lo que es importante tenerlos en cuenta a la hora de su valoración además de una adecuada correlación clínico-patológica apoyados siempre en los exámenes complementarios de imagen y por supuesto histológicos y de biología molecular.