In seasonal frozen soil areas, the repeated freeze–thaw cycle of internal moisture in asphalt mixture in winter and spring will accelerate the peeling of asphalt film and aggravate the water damage of asphalt pavement. It is of great significance to carry out the attenuation law of mechanical properties of asphalt mixture under freeze–thaw cycles to prevent and reduce the economic losses caused by water damage to asphalt pavement. This study will investigate the impact of deicer application on the water stability of asphalt mixtures within the climatic conditions prevalent in Northwest China. Specifically, freeze–thaw cycle tests were administered to two types of dense-graded asphalt mixtures under three distinct deicer solutions and three disparate low-temperature environments. The Marshall water immersion test and freeze–thaw splitting test were employed to evaluate the water stability of asphalt mixtures subject to multiple factors, and the relative importance of each factor was statistically analyzed using the acquired data. Results demonstrated that AC-13 and AC-16 asphalt mixtures (AC is asphalt-concrete, which is asphalt concrete, and 13 or 16 represents the maximum particle size of aggregate (13 mm or 16 mm)), saturated in 15% CH₄N₂O, 20% NaCl, and 20% CH₂CH₃OH solutions, underwent a varying number of freezing–thawing cycles (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30) at temperatures of −5 °C, −15 °C, and −25 °C, respectively, displayed a discernible decline in their residual stability MS₀ and freeze–thaw splitting tensile strength ratio TSR. This decline was particularly marked when temperatures dropped below the solution’s freezing point. Disregarding the fixed factors of weather variation (different low-temperature environments) and road service duration (number of freezing–thawing cycles), the aggregate grading imposed a more pronounced influence on asphalt mixture water stability than the presence of deicers.

The extensive use of deicing salt has not only solved the problem of road icing but also had a serious impact on the pavement, reducing its lifespan. In order to deeply understand the impact of deicing salt on the air voids of asphalt mixture in the northwest climate of China, this paper conducted freeze-thaw cycle tests on AC-13 and AC-16 asphalt mixtures under three different deicing salt solutions and three different low-temperature environments, and analyzed the changes in air voids, meanwhile, the Logistic prediction model was used to evaluate the change characteristics of the air voids. The experimental results showed that the air voids of asphalt mixture increased to varying degrees after multiple freeze-thaw cycles; when the temperature was above its freezing point, no frost heave damage occurred, and the air voids increased slowly; when the temperature was below the freezing point, frost heave damage occurred, causing rapid growth and connection of voids in the mixture, and the air voids increased rapidly; the Logistic model showed a good fit with the observed changes in air voids.

The article deals with issues of resistance to cracking at low temperature, low-temperature characteristics of asphalt concrete, tensile strength in bending, and the ratio of tensile strength to bending deformation, which reflects the flexibility of asphalt concrete.When the temperature is relatively low, the asphalt concrete should have a certain deformation capacity, and the temperature shrinkage crack can be reduced under the low temperature condition. The ultimate flexure tensile strain at low temperature is closely related to the performance of asphalt. Increasing the viscosity of asphalt can improve the low-temperature crack resistance of pavement