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The COVID-19 disease was declared a global pandemic by the 11th of February 2020, presenting a major threat to public health worldwide. Success in the battle against COVID-19 depends on public adherence to control measures. Their adherence is greatly affected by their knowledge, perceptions, and practices; therefore, the aim of this study was to assess and understand the knowledge, perceptions, practices, and trusted information sources of COVID-19 among Irish residents. A quantitative survey was performed by means of an online questionnaire, which comprised five sections to collect data regarding demographics, knowledge, perceptions, practices, and information sources. A total of 1007 participants completed the online survey between February and March 2021. The majority of respondents (69.4% female and 30.3% male) had a correct rate of knowledge (88%) and practices (68.1%), with health organisations being the most trusted information source (70.7%); 87.4% understand good mask etiquette. Only 53.7% agreed that closing schools or mass gathering events are an effective way to reduce the spread of the virus, while 81.3% are aware that COVID-19 is more severe than the flu; 64% of respondents said that the pandemic has negatively affected their mental health. It was observed that a higher level of knowledge is positively correlated with good practices. The study concludes that most of the respondents have shown a good level of knowledge and right practices towards the COVID-19 pandemic, and that the higher the level of knowledge of individuals, the better the COVID-19 safety practices are that they perform. It has been observed that the continuous improvement on an individual’s level of knowledge of COVID-19 is essential to maintain good safety practices and reduce the spread.
Emma Temple; Amit Jaiswal; Swarna Jaiswal. COVID-19 Related Knowledge, Risk Perceptions, and Practices amongst Irish Residents. COVID 2021, 1, 166 -185.
AMA StyleEmma Temple, Amit Jaiswal, Swarna Jaiswal. COVID-19 Related Knowledge, Risk Perceptions, and Practices amongst Irish Residents. COVID. 2021; 1 (1):166-185.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEmma Temple; Amit Jaiswal; Swarna Jaiswal. 2021. "COVID-19 Related Knowledge, Risk Perceptions, and Practices amongst Irish Residents." COVID 1, no. 1: 166-185.
Peter Myintzaw; Amit K. Jaiswal; Swarna Jaiswal. A Review on Campylobacteriosis Associated with Poultry Meat Consumption. Food Reviews International 2021, 1 -15.
AMA StylePeter Myintzaw, Amit K. Jaiswal, Swarna Jaiswal. A Review on Campylobacteriosis Associated with Poultry Meat Consumption. Food Reviews International. 2021; ():1-15.
Chicago/Turabian StylePeter Myintzaw; Amit K. Jaiswal; Swarna Jaiswal. 2021. "A Review on Campylobacteriosis Associated with Poultry Meat Consumption." Food Reviews International , no. : 1-15.
Food waste biorefineries for the production of biofuels, platform chemicals and other bio-based materials can significantly reduce a huge environmental burden and provide sustainable resources for the production of chemicals and materials. This will significantly contribute to the transition of the linear based economy to a more circular economy. A variety of chemicals, biofuels and materials can be produced from food waste by the integrated biorefinery approach. This enhances the bioeconomy and helps toward the design of more green, ecofriendly, and sustainable methods of material productions that contribute to sustainable development goals. The waste biorefinery is a tool to achieve a value-added product that can provide a better utilization of materials and resources while minimizing and/or eliminating environmental impacts. Recently, food waste biorefineries have gained momentum for the production of biofuels, chemicals, and bio-based materials due to the shifting of regulations and policies towards sustainable development. This review attempts to explore the state of the art of food waste biorefinery and the products associated with it.
Bahiru Tsegaye; Swarna Jaiswal; Amit Jaiswal. Food Waste Biorefinery: Pathway towards Circular Bioeconomy. Foods 2021, 10, 1174 .
AMA StyleBahiru Tsegaye, Swarna Jaiswal, Amit Jaiswal. Food Waste Biorefinery: Pathway towards Circular Bioeconomy. Foods. 2021; 10 (6):1174.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBahiru Tsegaye; Swarna Jaiswal; Amit Jaiswal. 2021. "Food Waste Biorefinery: Pathway towards Circular Bioeconomy." Foods 10, no. 6: 1174.
Food packaging can be considered as a passive barrier that protects food from environmental factors such as ultraviolet light, oxygen, water vapour, pressure and heat. It also prolongs the shelf-life of food by protecting from chemical and microbiological contaminants and enables foods to be transported and stored safely. Active packaging (AP) provides the opportunity for interaction between the external environment and food, resulting in extended shelf-life of food. Chemoactive packaging has an impact on the chemical composition of the food product. The application of natural additive such as essential oils in active packaging can be used in the forms of films and coatings. It has been observed that, AP helps to maintain temperature, moisture level and microbial and quality control of the food. This review article provides an overview of the active packaging incorporated with essential oils, concerns and challenges in industry, and the effect of essential oil on the packaging microstructure, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.
Shubham Sharma; Sandra Barkauskaite; Amit K. Jaiswal; Swarna Jaiswal. Essential oils as additives in active food packaging. Food Chemistry 2021, 343, 128403 .
AMA StyleShubham Sharma, Sandra Barkauskaite, Amit K. Jaiswal, Swarna Jaiswal. Essential oils as additives in active food packaging. Food Chemistry. 2021; 343 ():128403.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShubham Sharma; Sandra Barkauskaite; Amit K. Jaiswal; Swarna Jaiswal. 2021. "Essential oils as additives in active food packaging." Food Chemistry 343, no. : 128403.
Salmonellosis is the second most reported gastrointestinal disorder in the EU resulting from the consumption of Salmonella-contaminated foods. Symptoms include gastroenteritis, abdominal cramps, bloody diarrhoea, fever, myalgia, headache, nausea and vomiting. In 2018, Salmonella accounted for more than half of the numbers of foodborne outbreak illnesses reported in the EU. Salmonella contamination is mostly associated with produce such as poultry, cattle and their feeds but other products such as dried foods, infant formula, fruit and vegetable products and pets have become important. Efforts aimed at controlling Salmonella are being made. For example, legislation and measures put in place reduced the number of hospitalizations between 2014 and 2015. However, the number of hospitalizations started to increase in 2016. This calls for more stringent controls at the level of government and the private sector. Food handlers of “meat processing” and “Ready to Eat” foods play a crucial role in the spread of Salmonella. This review presents an updated overview of the global epidemiology, the relevance of official control, the disease associated with food handlers and the importance of food safety concerning salmonellosis.
Olugbenga Ehuwa; Amit Jaiswal; Swarna Jaiswal. Salmonella, Food Safety and Food Handling Practices. Foods 2021, 10, 907 .
AMA StyleOlugbenga Ehuwa, Amit Jaiswal, Swarna Jaiswal. Salmonella, Food Safety and Food Handling Practices. Foods. 2021; 10 (5):907.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOlugbenga Ehuwa; Amit Jaiswal; Swarna Jaiswal. 2021. "Salmonella, Food Safety and Food Handling Practices." Foods 10, no. 5: 907.
Due to its short lifetime food packaging leads to a rapid accumulation of plastic in our surroundings and thereby also has a huge impact on environmental pollution. To reduce these effects and create a more sustainable approach towards food packaging, biodegradable and biobased polymers have been developed and are emerging on the market. This review provides the current state of research regarding active packaging and the incorporation of seaweed into food packaging. Further, it summarises the resulting consequences of the seaweed incorporation on mechanical, physical, thermal, antioxidant, antimicrobial and chemical properties, as well as the release of active compounds to show the advantages of the polysaccharides as well as possible shortcomings in current research. To improve these polymers regarding their mechanical, thermal and antimicrobial properties etc. a variety of polysaccharides such as seaweeds can be used. They not only lead to an increase in hydrophilicity and improved mechanical properties such as tensile strength and elongation at break, but also create the possibility of using it as active packaging. This can be achieved due to the naturally occurring antioxidant properties in seaweed, which can minimise lipid oxidation and thereby increase the shelf life and nutritional value of food as well as reduce free radicals which might have a carcinogenic, mutagenic or cytotoxic effect. Some seaweeds such as H. elongate have also proven to inhibit the growth of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, meaning that they could possibly be used as antimicrobial packaging.
Dietz Carina; Shubham Sharma; Amit K. Jaiswal; Swarna Jaiswal. Seaweeds polysaccharides in active food packaging: A review of recent progress. Trends in Food Science & Technology 2021, 110, 559 -572.
AMA StyleDietz Carina, Shubham Sharma, Amit K. Jaiswal, Swarna Jaiswal. Seaweeds polysaccharides in active food packaging: A review of recent progress. Trends in Food Science & Technology. 2021; 110 ():559-572.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDietz Carina; Shubham Sharma; Amit K. Jaiswal; Swarna Jaiswal. 2021. "Seaweeds polysaccharides in active food packaging: A review of recent progress." Trends in Food Science & Technology 110, no. : 559-572.
SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus, which is the cause of the current pandemic with 107,411,561 infections and 2,351,195 death worldwide so far. There are multiple symptoms that are linked with the infection of COVID-19 such as coughing, shortness of breath, congestion together with fatigue, fever, loss of taste or smell, headaches, diarrhea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. The lack of or early stage of development of a cure for COVID-19 illness, there is need for insuring the best possible position of health to be able to fight the virus naturally through a robust immune system to limit severe complication. In this article, we have discussed the role of fruits and vegetables consumption to boost the immune system and major emphasis has been given to high risk group. We have taken into consideration a number of underlying conditions such as people with cardiovascular diseases, obesity, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, hemoglobin disorder such as sickle cell disease, weakened immune system due to organ transplant. Furthermore, factors to improve the immune system, risks associated with quarantine and lifestyle and food handling during COVID-19 has been discussed.
Nora Moreb; Ahmed Albandary; Swarna Jaiswal; Amit Jaiswal. Fruits and Vegetables in the Management of Underlying Conditions for COVID-19 High-Risk Groups. Foods 2021, 10, 389 .
AMA StyleNora Moreb, Ahmed Albandary, Swarna Jaiswal, Amit Jaiswal. Fruits and Vegetables in the Management of Underlying Conditions for COVID-19 High-Risk Groups. Foods. 2021; 10 (2):389.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNora Moreb; Ahmed Albandary; Swarna Jaiswal; Amit Jaiswal. 2021. "Fruits and Vegetables in the Management of Underlying Conditions for COVID-19 High-Risk Groups." Foods 10, no. 2: 389.
Active packaging improves the food safety and quality with the incorporation of certain additives such as antimicrobial agents. The PLA/PBAT films were prepared with two essential oils—eucalyptus oil and cinnamon oil of various concentrations (1%, 5% and 10% w/w) and characterised their optical and mechanical properties, surface hydrophobicity, chemical composition and antimicrobial activity. Cinnamon oil composite films were observed as thicker film (88.88 µm) than the eucalyptus oil films (54.46 µm). The highest UV-blocking properties were observed in cinnamon oil films. However, transparency and tensile properties of the cinnamon oil films decreases as the concentration increases. The tensile strength of the eucalyptus oil film decreased by 17%, while for cinnamon by 42%. The cinnamon oil (10% w/w) film showed ≈ 5% higher biofilm inhibition than eucalyptus oil (10% w/w). The PLA/PBAT–cinnamon oil films with potent antimicrobial and UV-blocking properties can be used in food packaging to improve the quality and increase the shelf-life of foods.
Shubham Sharma; Sandra Barkauskaite; Swarna Jaiswal; Brendan Duffy; Amit K. Jaiswal. Development of Essential Oil Incorporated Active Film Based on Biodegradable Blends of Poly (Lactide)/Poly (Butylene Adipate-co-Terephthalate) for Food Packaging Application. Journal of Packaging Technology and Research 2020, 4, 235 -245.
AMA StyleShubham Sharma, Sandra Barkauskaite, Swarna Jaiswal, Brendan Duffy, Amit K. Jaiswal. Development of Essential Oil Incorporated Active Film Based on Biodegradable Blends of Poly (Lactide)/Poly (Butylene Adipate-co-Terephthalate) for Food Packaging Application. Journal of Packaging Technology and Research. 2020; 4 (3):235-245.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShubham Sharma; Sandra Barkauskaite; Swarna Jaiswal; Brendan Duffy; Amit K. Jaiswal. 2020. "Development of Essential Oil Incorporated Active Film Based on Biodegradable Blends of Poly (Lactide)/Poly (Butylene Adipate-co-Terephthalate) for Food Packaging Application." Journal of Packaging Technology and Research 4, no. 3: 235-245.
Bioactive packaging contains natural antimicrobial agents, which inhibit the growth of microorganisms and increase the food shelf life. Solvent casting method was used to prepare the Poly (lactide)-Poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PLA-PBAT) film incorporated with the thyme oil and clove oil in various concentrations (1 wt%, 5 wt% and 10 wt%). The clove oil composite films depicted less green and more yellow as compared to thyme oil composite films. Clove oil composite film has shown an 80% increase in the UV blocking efficiency. The tensile strength (TS) of thyme oil and clove oil composite film decreases from 1.35 MPs (control film) to 0.96 MPa and 0.79, respectively. A complete killing of S. aureus that is a reduction from 6.5 log CFU/mL to 0 log CFU/mL was observed on the 10 wt% clove oil incorporated composite film. Clove oil and thyme oil composite film had inhibited E. coli biofilm by 93.43% and 82.30%, respectively. Clove oil composite film had exhibited UV blocking properties, strong antimicrobial activity and has high potential to be used as an active food packaging.
Shubham Sharma; Sandra Barkauskaite; Brendan Duffy; Amit K. Jaiswal; Swarna Jaiswal. Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Biodegradable Active Packaging Enriched with Clove and Thyme Essential Oil for Food Packaging Application. Foods 2020, 9, 1117 .
AMA StyleShubham Sharma, Sandra Barkauskaite, Brendan Duffy, Amit K. Jaiswal, Swarna Jaiswal. Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Biodegradable Active Packaging Enriched with Clove and Thyme Essential Oil for Food Packaging Application. Foods. 2020; 9 (8):1117.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShubham Sharma; Sandra Barkauskaite; Brendan Duffy; Amit K. Jaiswal; Swarna Jaiswal. 2020. "Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Biodegradable Active Packaging Enriched with Clove and Thyme Essential Oil for Food Packaging Application." Foods 9, no. 8: 1117.
Nanotechnology deals with matter of atomic or molecular scale. Other factors that define the character of a nanoparticle are its physical and chemical properties, such as surface area, surface charge, hydrophobicity of the surface, thermal stability of the nanoparticle and its antimicrobial activity. A nanoparticle is usually characterized by using microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. Microscopic techniques are used to characterise the size, shape and location of the nanoparticle by producing an image of the individual nanoparticle. Several techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy/high resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM/HRTEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) have been developed to observe and characterise the surface and structural properties of nanostructured material. Spectroscopic techniques are used to study the interaction of a nanoparticle with electromagnetic radiations as the function of wavelength, such as Raman spectroscopy, UV⁻Visible spectroscopy, attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), dynamic light scattering spectroscopy (DLS), Zeta potential spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. Nanostructured materials have a wide application in the food industry as nanofood, nano-encapsulated probiotics, edible nano-coatings and in active and smart packaging.
Shubham Sharma; Swarna Jaiswal; Brendan Duffy; Amit K. Jaiswal. Nanostructured Materials for Food Applications: Spectroscopy, Microscopy and Physical Properties. Bioengineering 2019, 6, 26 .
AMA StyleShubham Sharma, Swarna Jaiswal, Brendan Duffy, Amit K. Jaiswal. Nanostructured Materials for Food Applications: Spectroscopy, Microscopy and Physical Properties. Bioengineering. 2019; 6 (1):26.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShubham Sharma; Swarna Jaiswal; Brendan Duffy; Amit K. Jaiswal. 2019. "Nanostructured Materials for Food Applications: Spectroscopy, Microscopy and Physical Properties." Bioengineering 6, no. 1: 26.
The quality of patient care has increased dramatically in recent years because of the development of lightweight orthopedic metal implants. The success of these orthopedic implants may be compromised by impaired cytocompatibility and osteointegration. Biomimetic surface engineering of metal implants using biomacromolecules including hyaluronic acid (HA) has been used an effective approach to provide conditions favorable for the growth of bone forming cells. To date, there have been limited studies on osteoblasts functions in response to metal substrates modified with the hyaluronic acid of different molecular weight for orthopedic applications. In this study, we evaluated the osteoblasts functions such as adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation in response to high- and low-molecular-weight HA (denoted as h-HA and l-HA, respectively) functionalized on Ti (h-HA-Ti and l-HA-Ti substrates, respectively) and corrosion-resistant silane coated-AZ31 Mg alloys (h-HA-AZ31 and l-HA-AZ31). The DNA quantification study showed that adhesion and proliferation of osteoblasts were significantly decreased by h-HA immobilized on Ti or AZ31 substrates when compared to low-molecular-weight counterpart over a period of 14 days. On the contrary, h-HA significantly increased the osteogenic differentiation of osteoblast over l-HA, as confirmed by the enhanced expression of ALP, total collagen, and mineralization of extracellular matrix. In particular, the h-HA-AZ31 substrates greatly enhanced the osteoblast differentiation among tested samples (l-HA-AZ31, l-HA-Ti, h-HA-Ti, and Ti alone), which is ascribed to the osteoinductive activity of h-HA, relatively up-regulated intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) and Mg2+ ([Mg2+]i) concentrations as well as the alkalization of the cell culture medium. This study suggesting that HA of appropriate molecular weight can be successfully used to modify the surface of metal implants for orthopedic applications
Sankalp Agarwal; Brendan Duffy; James Curtin; Swarna Jaiswal. Effect of High- and Low-Molecular-Weight Hyaluronic-Acid-Functionalized-AZ31 Mg and Ti Alloys on Proliferation and Differentiation of Osteoblast Cells. ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering 2018, 4, 3874 -3884.
AMA StyleSankalp Agarwal, Brendan Duffy, James Curtin, Swarna Jaiswal. Effect of High- and Low-Molecular-Weight Hyaluronic-Acid-Functionalized-AZ31 Mg and Ti Alloys on Proliferation and Differentiation of Osteoblast Cells. ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering. 2018; 4 (11):3874-3884.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSankalp Agarwal; Brendan Duffy; James Curtin; Swarna Jaiswal. 2018. "Effect of High- and Low-Molecular-Weight Hyaluronic-Acid-Functionalized-AZ31 Mg and Ti Alloys on Proliferation and Differentiation of Osteoblast Cells." ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering 4, no. 11: 3874-3884.
This paper reports the corrosion resistant and cytocompatible properties of the hyaluronic acid-silane coating on AZ31 Mg alloy. In this study, the osteoinductive properties of high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HA, 1–4 MDa) and the corrosion protection of silane coatings were incorporated as a composite coating on biodegradable AZ31 Mg alloy for orthopaedic applications. The multi-step fabrication of coatings first involved dip coating of a passivated AZ31 Mg alloy with a methyltriethoxysilane-tetraethoxysilane sol-gel to deposit a dense, cross-linked and corrosion resistant silane coating (AZ31-MT). The second step was to create an amine-functionalised surface by treating coated alloy with 3-aminopropyl-triethoxy silane (AZ31-MT-A) which facilitated the immobilisation of HA via EDC-NHS coupling reactions at two different concentrations i.e 1 mg.ml−1 (AZ31-MT-A-HA1) and 2 mg.ml−1 (AZ31-MT-A-HA2). These coatings were characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and static contact angle measurements which confirmed the successful assembly of the full coatings onto AZ31 Mg alloy. The influence of HA-silane coating on the corrosion of Mg alloy was investigated by electrical impedance spectroscopy and long-term immersion studies measurements in HEPES buffered DMEM. The results showed an enhanced corrosion resistance of HA functionalised silane coated AZ31 substrate over the uncoated equivalent alloy. Furthermore, the cytocompatibility of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts was evaluated on HA-coated AZ31-MT-A substrates by live-dead staining, quantification of total cellular DNA content, scanning electron microscope and alkaline phosphatase activity. The results showed HA concentration-dependent improvement of osteoblast cellular response in terms of enhanced cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. These findings hold great promise in employing such biomimetic multifunctional coatings to improve the corrosion resistance and cytocompatibility of biodegradable Mg-based alloy for orthopaedic applications.
Sankalp Agarwal; Marie-Noëlle Labour; David Hoey; Brendan Duffy; James Curtin; Swarna Jaiswal. Enhanced corrosion resistance and cytocompatibility of biomimetic hyaluronic acid functionalised silane coating on AZ31 Mg alloy for orthopaedic applications. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 2018, 29, 144 .
AMA StyleSankalp Agarwal, Marie-Noëlle Labour, David Hoey, Brendan Duffy, James Curtin, Swarna Jaiswal. Enhanced corrosion resistance and cytocompatibility of biomimetic hyaluronic acid functionalised silane coating on AZ31 Mg alloy for orthopaedic applications. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine. 2018; 29 (9):144.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSankalp Agarwal; Marie-Noëlle Labour; David Hoey; Brendan Duffy; James Curtin; Swarna Jaiswal. 2018. "Enhanced corrosion resistance and cytocompatibility of biomimetic hyaluronic acid functionalised silane coating on AZ31 Mg alloy for orthopaedic applications." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 29, no. 9: 144.
In this study, brewer's spent grain (BSG) was subjected to a range pretreatments to study the effect on reducing sugar yield. Glucose and xylose were found to be the predominant sugars in BSG. Brewers spent grain was high in cellulose (19.21g/100g of BSG) and lignin content (30.84g/100g of BSG). Microwave assisted alkali (MAA) pretreatment was found to be the most effective pretreatment for BSG, where the pretreatment was conducted at 400W for 60s. A maximum reducing yield was observed with high biomass loading (1g/10ml), cellulase (158.76μl/10ml), hemicellulase (153.3μl/10ml), pH (5.4) and an incubation time (120h). Upon enzymatic hydrolysis, MAA pretreated BSG yielded 228.25mg of reducing sugar/g of BSG which was 2.86-fold higher compared to native BSG (79.67mg/g of BSG); simultaneously BSG was de-lignified significantly. The changes in functional groups, crystallinity and thermal behaviour was studies by means of FTIR, XRD and DSC, respectively.
Rajeev Ravindran; Swarna Jaiswal; Nissreen Abu-Ghannam; Amit K. Jaiswal. A comparative analysis of pretreatment strategies on the properties and hydrolysis of brewers’ spent grain. Bioresource Technology 2018, 248, 272 -279.
AMA StyleRajeev Ravindran, Swarna Jaiswal, Nissreen Abu-Ghannam, Amit K. Jaiswal. A comparative analysis of pretreatment strategies on the properties and hydrolysis of brewers’ spent grain. Bioresource Technology. 2018; 248 ():272-279.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRajeev Ravindran; Swarna Jaiswal; Nissreen Abu-Ghannam; Amit K. Jaiswal. 2018. "A comparative analysis of pretreatment strategies on the properties and hydrolysis of brewers’ spent grain." Bioresource Technology 248, no. : 272-279.
This study presents the covalent grafting of a hyaluronic acid-lysozyme (HA-LZ) composite onto corrosion-resistant silane-coated AZ31 Mg alloy via EDC-NHS coupling reactions. The HA-LZ composite coatings created a smooth and hydrophilic surface with the increased concentration of functional lysozyme complexed to the hyaluronic acid. This was confirmed by the measurement of AFM, water contact angle, and quantification of hyaluronic acid and lysozyme. The colonization of S.aureus on HA-LZ composite-coated substrates was significantly reduced as compared to the hyaluronic acid, lysozyme coated and uncoated AZ31 controls. Such activity is due to the enhanced antibacterial activity of lysozyme component as observed from the spread plate assay, propidium iodide staining, and scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, morphology of the osteoblast cells, alkaline phosphatase activity and DNA quantification studies demonstrated the improved biocompatibility and osteoinductive properties of HA-LZ-coated substrates. This was verified by comparing with the lysozyme coated and uncoated AZ31 substrates in terms of cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of osteoblastic cells. Therefore, such multifunctional composite coatings with antibacterial and osteoinductive properties are promising can be potentially used for the surface modifications of orthopedic implants.
Sankalp Agarwal; Mathieu Riffault; David Hoey; Brendan Duffy; James Curtin; Swarna Jaiswal. Biomimetic Hyaluronic Acid-Lysozyme Composite Coating on AZ31 Mg Alloy with Combined Antibacterial and Osteoinductive Activities. ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering 2017, 3, 3244 -3253.
AMA StyleSankalp Agarwal, Mathieu Riffault, David Hoey, Brendan Duffy, James Curtin, Swarna Jaiswal. Biomimetic Hyaluronic Acid-Lysozyme Composite Coating on AZ31 Mg Alloy with Combined Antibacterial and Osteoinductive Activities. ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering. 2017; 3 (12):3244-3253.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSankalp Agarwal; Mathieu Riffault; David Hoey; Brendan Duffy; James Curtin; Swarna Jaiswal. 2017. "Biomimetic Hyaluronic Acid-Lysozyme Composite Coating on AZ31 Mg Alloy with Combined Antibacterial and Osteoinductive Activities." ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering 3, no. 12: 3244-3253.
In this study, a novel pretreatment for spent coffee waste (SCW) has been proposed which combines two techniques viz. atmospheric air plasma and FeCl3 to create a superior pretreatment that involves Fenton chemistry. The pretreatment was optimised employing Taguchi Design of Experiments, and five parameters were taken into consideration viz. biomass loading, FeCl3 concentration, H2SO4 concentration, plasma discharge voltage and treatment time. The composition analysis of the pretreated SCW revealed substantial amounts of lignin removal, with a maximum for process conditions of 70kV for 2min in an acidic environment containing 1% H2SO4. FTIR, XRD and DSC were performed to characterise the samples. The pretreated SCW after enzymatic hydrolysis yielded 0.496g of reducing sugar/g of SCW. The hydrolysate was subjected to fermentation by S. cerevisiae and led to the production of 18.642g/l of ethanol with a fermentation efficiency of 74%, which was a two fold increase in yield compared to the control.
Rajeev Ravindran; Chaitanya Sarangapani; Swarna Jaiswal; P.J. Cullen; Amit K. Jaiswal. Ferric chloride assisted plasma pretreatment of lignocellulose. Bioresource Technology 2017, 243, 327 -334.
AMA StyleRajeev Ravindran, Chaitanya Sarangapani, Swarna Jaiswal, P.J. Cullen, Amit K. Jaiswal. Ferric chloride assisted plasma pretreatment of lignocellulose. Bioresource Technology. 2017; 243 ():327-334.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRajeev Ravindran; Chaitanya Sarangapani; Swarna Jaiswal; P.J. Cullen; Amit K. Jaiswal. 2017. "Ferric chloride assisted plasma pretreatment of lignocellulose." Bioresource Technology 243, no. : 327-334.
Bioabsorbable magnesium (Mg) alloys have several advantages in biomedical implant applications as they reduce certain risks associated with conventional permanent implants. However, limited information is available for WE43 Mg alloy specimens with comparable size to that of biomedical implants such as cardiovascular stents and orthopaedic wires. The present work examines the corrosion and biological properties of WE43 stent precursor tubes and wire specimens suited for orthopaedic implants. The corrosion-induced loss of mechanical integrity as well as the corrosion-induced changes in surface morphology of the specimens are elucidated and compared. Cell viability assays were performed with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). It was observed that Mg ions released from the WE43 alloy acted as a growth stimulator of HUVECs.
Emmet Galvin; Swarna Jaiswal; Caitríona Lally; Bryan Macdonald; Brendan Duffy. In Vitro Corrosion and Biological Assessment of Bioabsorbable WE43 Mg Alloy Specimens. Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 2017, 1, 8 .
AMA StyleEmmet Galvin, Swarna Jaiswal, Caitríona Lally, Bryan Macdonald, Brendan Duffy. In Vitro Corrosion and Biological Assessment of Bioabsorbable WE43 Mg Alloy Specimens. Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing. 2017; 1 (1):8.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEmmet Galvin; Swarna Jaiswal; Caitríona Lally; Bryan Macdonald; Brendan Duffy. 2017. "In Vitro Corrosion and Biological Assessment of Bioabsorbable WE43 Mg Alloy Specimens." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 1, no. 1: 8.
In the present study, eight different pretreatments of varying nature (physical, chemical and physico-chemical) followed by a sequential, combinatorial pretreatment strategy was applied to spent coffee waste to attain maximum sugar yield. Pretreated samples were analysed for total reducing sugar, individual sugars and generation of inhibitory compounds such as furfural and hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) which can hinder microbial growth and enzyme activity. Native spent coffee waste was high in hemicellulose content. Galactose was found to be the predominant sugar in spent coffee waste. Results showed that sequential pretreatment yielded 350.12mg of reducing sugar/g of substrate, which was 1.7-fold higher than in native spent coffee waste (203.4mg/g of substrate). Furthermore, extensive delignification was achieved using sequential pretreatment strategy. XRD, FTIR, and DSC profiles of the pretreated substrates were studied to analyse the various changes incurred in sequentially pretreated spent coffee waste as opposed to native spent coffee waste.
Rajeev Ravindran; Swarna Jaiswal; Nissreen Abu-Ghannam; Amit K. Jaiswal. Two-step sequential pretreatment for the enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of coffee spent waste. Bioresource Technology 2017, 239, 276 -284.
AMA StyleRajeev Ravindran, Swarna Jaiswal, Nissreen Abu-Ghannam, Amit K. Jaiswal. Two-step sequential pretreatment for the enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of coffee spent waste. Bioresource Technology. 2017; 239 ():276-284.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRajeev Ravindran; Swarna Jaiswal; Nissreen Abu-Ghannam; Amit K. Jaiswal. 2017. "Two-step sequential pretreatment for the enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of coffee spent waste." Bioresource Technology 239, no. : 276-284.
In the present study, novel pre-treatment for spent coffee waste (SCW) has been proposed which utilises the superior oxidising capacity of alkaline KMnO assisted by ultra-sonication. The pre-treatment was conducted for different exposure times (10, 20, 30 and 40min) using different concentrations of KMnO (1, 2, 3, 4, 5%w/v) at room temperature with solid/liquid ratio of 1:10. Pretreating SCW with 4% KMnO and exposing it to ultrasound for 20min resulted in 98% cellulose recovery and a maximum lignin removal of 46%. 1.7 fold increase in reducing sugar yield was obtained after enzymatic hydrolysis of KMnO pretreated SCW as compared to raw. SEM, XRD and FTIR analysis of the pretreated SCW revealed the various effects of pretreatment. Thermal behaviour of the pretreated substrate against the native biomass was also studied using DSC. Ultrasound-assisted potassium permanganate oxidation was found to be an effective pretreatment for SCW, and can be a used as a potential feedstock pretreatment strategy for bioethanol production.
Rajeev Ravindran; Swarna Jaiswal; Nissreen Abu-Ghannam; Amit K. Jaiswal. Evaluation of ultrasound assisted potassium permanganate pre-treatment of spent coffee waste. Bioresource Technology 2017, 224, 680 -687.
AMA StyleRajeev Ravindran, Swarna Jaiswal, Nissreen Abu-Ghannam, Amit K. Jaiswal. Evaluation of ultrasound assisted potassium permanganate pre-treatment of spent coffee waste. Bioresource Technology. 2017; 224 ():680-687.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRajeev Ravindran; Swarna Jaiswal; Nissreen Abu-Ghannam; Amit K. Jaiswal. 2017. "Evaluation of ultrasound assisted potassium permanganate pre-treatment of spent coffee waste." Bioresource Technology 224, no. : 680-687.
This paper reports a multi-step procedure to fabricate a novel corrosion resistant and biocompatible PLGA–silane coating on the magnesium (Mg) alloy AZ31. This paper reports a multi-step procedure to fabricate a novel corrosion resistant and biocompatible PLGA–silane coating on the magnesium (Mg) alloy AZ31. The first step involves alkaline passivation followed by dip coating in a methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) mixture to produce a cross-linked siloxane coating. The second step is to impart an amine functionalization to the silane modified surface by using 3-aminopropyl-triethoxy silane (APTES) for promoting adhesion of the acid terminated poly-(lactic- co -glycolic) acid (PLGA) as a final coating step. Static contact angle measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy analysis confirmed the successful assembly of coatings on the AZ31 Mg alloy. Potentiodynamic polarization and impedance spectroscopy studies showed the improved initial corrosion resistance of the coated AZ31 substrate. Measurements of magnesium ion release, pH changes and hydrogen evolution showed enhanced corrosion protection of coated substrate over uncoated AZ31 alloy for 21 and 14 days respectively. The MTT assay, live–dead cells staining, DNA quantification and alkaline phosphatase activity assay were used to measure the biocompatibility, proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe cell morphology and integration with the coated surface. The coated substrate showed improved cytocompatibility as compared to the uncoated AZ31 alloy surface. The application of such coatings on biodegradable Mg alloys enhanced their corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. An additional advantage is that the coating also served as a potential delivery vehicle for specific drugs and bio-active molecules releasing from an implant surface as the coatings, such as PLGA, adapt during the corrosion process, thereby enhancing bone regeneration.
Sankalp Agarwal; Muhammad Morshed; Marie-Noelle Labour; David Hoey; Brendan Duffy; James Curtin; Swarna Jaiswal. Enhanced corrosion protection and biocompatibility of a PLGA–silane coating on AZ31 Mg alloy for orthopaedic applications. RSC Advances 2016, 6, 113871 -113883.
AMA StyleSankalp Agarwal, Muhammad Morshed, Marie-Noelle Labour, David Hoey, Brendan Duffy, James Curtin, Swarna Jaiswal. Enhanced corrosion protection and biocompatibility of a PLGA–silane coating on AZ31 Mg alloy for orthopaedic applications. RSC Advances. 2016; 6 (115):113871-113883.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSankalp Agarwal; Muhammad Morshed; Marie-Noelle Labour; David Hoey; Brendan Duffy; James Curtin; Swarna Jaiswal. 2016. "Enhanced corrosion protection and biocompatibility of a PLGA–silane coating on AZ31 Mg alloy for orthopaedic applications." RSC Advances 6, no. 115: 113871-113883.
Magnesium (Mg) and its alloys have been extensively explored as potential biodegradable implant materials for orthopaedic applications (e.g. Fracture fixation). However, the rapid corrosion of Mg based alloys in physiological conditions has delayed their introduction for therapeutic applications to date. The present review focuses on corrosion, biocompatibility and surface modifications of biodegradable Mg alloys for orthopaedic applications. Initially, the corrosion behaviour of Mg alloys and the effect of alloying elements on corrosion and biocompatibility is discussed. Furthermore, the influence of polymeric deposit coatings, namely sol-gel, synthetic aliphatic polyesters and natural polymers on corrosion and biological performance of Mg and its alloy for orthopaedic applications are presented. It was found that inclusion of alloying elements such as Al, Mn, Ca, Zn and rare earth elements provides improved corrosion resistance to Mg alloys. It has been also observed that sol-gel and synthetic aliphatic polyesters based coatings exhibit improved corrosion resistance as compared to natural polymers, which has higher biocompatibility due to their biomimetic nature. It is concluded that, surface modification is a promising approach to improve the performance of Mg-based biomaterials for orthopaedic applications.
Sankalp Agarwal; James Curtin; Brendan Duffy; Swarna Jaiswal. Biodegradable magnesium alloys for orthopaedic applications: A review on corrosion, biocompatibility and surface modifications. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2016, 68, 948 -963.
AMA StyleSankalp Agarwal, James Curtin, Brendan Duffy, Swarna Jaiswal. Biodegradable magnesium alloys for orthopaedic applications: A review on corrosion, biocompatibility and surface modifications. Materials Science and Engineering: C. 2016; 68 ():948-963.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSankalp Agarwal; James Curtin; Brendan Duffy; Swarna Jaiswal. 2016. "Biodegradable magnesium alloys for orthopaedic applications: A review on corrosion, biocompatibility and surface modifications." Materials Science and Engineering: C 68, no. : 948-963.