Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder affecting ≈8% to 13% of women of reproductive age. PCOS has multifaceted effects that extend beyond reproductive health. Women with PCOS are at an elevated risk for various metabolic conditions, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, as well as psychological challenges, such as anxiety, depression, and reduced quality of life. This systematic review examined the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions, including dietary, exercise, and behavioral modifications, in improving reproductive outcomes, mental well-being, and quality of life in women with PCOS. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases, identifying observational and interventional studies published in English through December 2022. Studies were evaluated for methodological quality and categorized according to the type of lifestyle intervention and outcome measures. Results: Of the 24 studies reviewed, with 16 focusing on reproductive outcomes, 4 on quality of life, and 4 on combined outcomes, encompassing 1373 participants with the mean age in the included studies ranged from 21.7 to 36.5 years. Dietary modifications, either alone or in combination with exercise, resulted in significant improvements in reproductive health, including a 5% reduction in body weight (P < .001), increased menstrual regularity, higher pregnancy rates, and decreased testosterone levels (P < .01). Exercise interventions further contributed to positive outcomes; a 20-week exercise program improved ovulation rates by 49.1% and significantly reduced testosterone and free androgen indices (P < .001). In addition, structured exercise programs increased menstrual regularity by 60% and reduced body mass index and testosterone levels. Conclusion: This review underscores the efficacy of integrated lifestyle interventions, including dietary, exercise, and behavioral approaches, in improving reproductive health, psychological well-being, and quality of life in women with PCOS. These findings highlight the potential of comprehensive nonpharmacological management strategies to address the multifaceted health challenges posed by PCOS. Future research should prioritize long-term studies to assess sustained outcomes and examine personalized intervention strategies that account for the clinical diversity and heterogeneity of PCOS presentations.

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of the widespread use of digital health services (DHS). Despite evidence of the benefits of DHS, there are many barriers to their adaptation worldwide. This study aimed to measure the effectiveness of DHS from the patient perspective. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia from December 2022 to March 2023. Of the 323 participants who completed the online questionnaire, 63.5% were female, and 55.4% of participants found that DHS was satisfactory. 34% of the participants preferred DHS via telephone calls and 40.2% found that DHS was comparable to direct regular services in building trust between patients and doctors. A total of 79.2% agreed that DHS could reduce unnecessary outpatient visits and 70.9% agreed that it could be used effectively to follow patients with chronic diseases. DHS was found to be cost-effective in 76.8%. Digital healthcare has the potential to significantly improve health care outcomes and effectiveness in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, the use of a DHS for monitoring and dispensing care would be advantageous. However, difficulties such as lack of time or a packed schedule have prevented patients in Saudi Arabia from using telemedicine.

The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries are more vulnerable to many transmissible diseases, including tuberculosis (TB). This study is to identify the scientific publications related to TB in the GCC countries using topic modeling and co-word analysis. A bibliometric analytic study. The R-package, VOSviewer software, IBM SPPS, and Scopus Analytics were used to analyze performance, hotspots, knowledge structure, thematic evolution, trend topics, and inter-gulf and international cooperation on TB in the past 30 years (1993–2022). A total of 1999 publications associated with research on GCC-TB were published. The annual growth rate of documents was 7.76%. Saudi Arabia is the most highly published, followed by the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, and Bahrain. The most-cited GC country is Kingdom Saudi Arabia, followed by Kuwait. One hundred sixty research institutions contributed to the dissemination of TB-related knowledge in the GCC, where the highest publishing organizations were King Saud University (Kingdom Saudi Arabia; n = 518). The number of publications related to TB is high in GCC Countries. The current tendencies indicated that GCC scholars are increasingly focused on deep learning, chest X-ray, molecular docking, comorbid covid-19, risk factors, and Mycobacterium bovis.

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a major predictor for severity and mortality that is increased by 50% in COVID-19 infection. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of new-onset DM among patients with COVID-19 and examined the short clinical outcomes of the disease. Method: This is a retrospective study of revising electronic medical records to assess the prevalence of new-onset DM in COVID-19 patients and its impact on the severity of the disease. Adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 during the period from June 2020 to December 2021 were enrolled. Results: 725 patients were included. 53.8% of them were males and 46.2 were females, the mean age was 43.35 ± 16.76. 13.2% were diabetics; 2.2% with preexisting DM and 11.0% had new-onset DM. 6.34% had coexisting medical conditions. DKA at presentation was observed in 6 patients (0.8%) of newly diagnosed DM. There is a significant correlation between age and family history (FH), and BMI and new-onset DM (P < 0.05). The overall mortality rate was 2.2%, and it was significantly higher in diabetics in comparison to non-diabetics (P < 0.001). 8.6% had persistent hyperglycemia after 4 months of follow-up. Conclusion: The prevalence of COVID-19 related new-onset DM was correlated significantly with disease severity and mortality rate. Age, FH, and BMI, were the major predictors. We recommend that frequent monitoring of blood glucose for patients with COVID-19 infections to detect DM, therefore, prompt treatment can be initiated.