Actualmente, el consumo responsable hacia el medio ambiente y la salud modifica la intención de compra, que es analizada ampliamente en la teoría del comportamiento planificado (TPB). Este artículo revisa bibliográficamente la aplicación de la TPB y para ello sigue la metodología de consulta de artículos científicos publicados y enfocados en determinar la intención de comprar productos orgánicos. Se encuentran diversos estudios centrados en analizar la preocupación por el ambiente, el comportamiento hacia la sostenibilidad ambiental, los hábitos saludables, los beneficios ambientales de los productos orgánicos y la confianza del consumidor frente a este tipo de productos. Se evidencia que la TPB permite determinar intenciones y comportamientos de compra, los cuales pueden ser influenciados por características culturales y sociales de los individuos, el conocimiento y la preocupación por el medio ambiente.

Colombia is noteworthy as a biodiversity hotspot, featuring an extraordinary number of endemic orchids, birds, and butterflies. This exploratory study examined how the perceptions of destination image, considering the cognitive and affective image, can be a predictor or positive influencer of behavioral intentions of ecotourists through symmetric data analysis. The success of a birdwatching destination can be attributed more to the development of a positive overall image, by having a direct and strong influence on behavioral intentions, indirect effects such as affective image can also be identified such as intention to visit and intention to recommend. Using partial least squares (PLS), the author(s) analyzed 64 survey responses collected of rural areas from an invitation made to associations of professional birdwatchers, including a new 15-statement scale specialized on birdwatching as a result of personal interviews with tourism management professionals and entrepreneurs who are experts in birdwatching. The findings supported the reliability of the model, and symmetric analysis presented the higher influence of emotions and affections in increasing intentions of recommendation, considering birdwatching as based on personal relationships. Additionally, the cognitive image for the birders despite representing destination attributes did not have the same impact on behavioral intentions. Therefore, managers should develop positioning strategies based on the generation of emotions.

The purpose of this article is to examine the conceptualisation and evolution of birdwatching as an activity of nature tourism, drawing upon existing literature. A bibliometric analysis was conducted. The Scopus database was used, resulting in the selection of 47 relevant studies. This study identifies the key components (factors, drivers, and future research) necessary for fostering development of birdwatching as a sustainable strategy. The present study initiated with the existing literature on Nature‐based tourism as defined by the UNWTO (World Tourism Organization) classification, starting with the theoretical proposals. The analysis focused on renowned journals on the topic, according to the Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR), from 2020 to 2023. The findings show that studies on Nature‐based tourism and birdwatching published in the last four years are mainly related to conservation, ecotourism and ecosystems. The results of the present research show varied information with respect to approaches towards birdwatching, the opportunities and the challenges.

Alternative tourism contributes to the sustainable development of tourism and to the participation of communities in managing tourism within their territories. For this reason, it is pertinent to study the concept, characteristics, and benefits of alternative tourism, as well as its relationship with tourism competitiveness, leading to a methodology for evaluating the potential of a territory as an alternative tourism destination. The main objective of this research is to design a Sustainable Development Index in Alternative Tourism (SDIAT) based on Colombia’s tourism competitiveness indicators, which are focused on the dimensions of sustainable development, as a tool to identify the capacities of a territory associated with the development of this type of tourism. The methodology includes the application of the Delphi technique through a multidisciplinary panel of 15 experts. Two rounds have been conducted for discussion and dissemination based on the experts’ opinions, allowing consensus validation of three dimensions with their weightings and relationships, along with 21 indicators proposed for the index, which are articulated with the measurement of tourism competitiveness. The contribution lies in generating a measurement proposal applicable to different contexts that supports tourism planning and informed decision-making by destination managers, contributing to the creation of inputs for public policy.

Cada capítulo de este libro ofrece herramientas prácticas respaldadas por ejemplos reales y estudios de casos, preparando así a los lectores para enfrentar los desafíos de la negociación con confianza y habilidad. Sin embargo, más allá de ser simplemente un recurso para mejorar las habilidades de negociación, esta obra representa un llamado a desarrollar las aptitudes y habilidades blandas necesarias para el ejercicio profesional en el siglo XXI.