This study explores the use of diatomite from West Kazakhstan as a silica-containing raw material for borosilicate glass production. Three glass batches, based on quartz sand, chalk, and diatomite, were synthesized with varying ratios of network-forming and modifying oxides. Partial replacement of quartz sand with diatomite enabled glass melting at 1150 °C, producing a homogeneous melt. Glasses with higher diatomite content showed improved chemical and water resistance; specifically, the sample containing 52% diatomite achieved hydrolytic class III and water resistance class IV (XA = 1.0 cm³·g⁻¹), whereas quartz-based control samples corresponded to classes IV–V. Heat resistance ranged from 120 to 160 °C depending on composition. These findings demonstrate that amorphous SiO₂ and active oxides in diatomite promote a stronger three-dimensional glass network, highlighting the potential of locally sourced diatomite as an alternative SiO₂ source for sustainable, energy-efficient borosilicate glass production.

This article presents scientific research on developing the optimal composition of ceramic wall materials based on local raw materials. The aim is to develop an optimal composition of a ceramic material with improved thermal insulation properties by adding a diatomite additive to the local raw materials to increase porosity and reduce density. During the research, the physicochemical properties of the raw materials, namely the clay from the Roman deposit and the diatomite from the Zhalpaq deposit, were determined. Test samples were prepared by adding 5–15% diatomite to the clay. Their physicomechanical, chemomineralogical, and structural properties were determined. For sample analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), equipped with a JSM-6490LV energy-dispersive microanalyzer, was used. X-ray diffraction (XRD); and Raman spectroscopy methods were used. According to the research results, adding 5-15% the addition of diatomaceous earth in the amount of 5–15% was shown to significantly affect the surface morphology, degree of porosity, structural uniformity, and agglomerate size of the studied samples, as well as the uniform distribution of elemental composition, The addition of 10% diatomite to the clay was shown to affect the change in crystalline phases and its physicomechanical properties. In conclusion, it was determined that adding 10% diatomite to the clay achieves the relatively highest degree of crystallinity, a uniform microstructure, and a relatively high compressive strength of 26.1 MPa. This showed that compared to other samples, the compressive strength increased by 15–23% and the thermal conductivity coefficient decreased by 1–11%. Thus, adding 10% diatomaceous earth to the clay was found to be an effective modifier.

The article tells that sedimentary rocks with yellow loams and slag of industrial residual metallurgy (Karaganda Metallurgical Plant JSC. JSC "AlcelorMittal Temirtau."), the scientific and experimental results of the technology for producing artificial ceramic arch filler for creating a mass composition were considered. As a result of the study of the physical and mechanical properties and chemical andmineralogical composition of yellow loams with abundant reserves in the West Kazakhstan and Atyrau regions, it was clarified that this clay rock can be rationally used as the main raw material of granulated sintered ceramic filler.Studies show that as the content of technogenic waste in the ceramic mass increases, there is an increase in the strength, water absorption, thermal insulation properties of fillers, a decrease in spill and true density of samples, this change is observed as a result of optimal replacement of the content of yellow clay in the ceramic mass with a blast furnace host because slag has a lighter specific gravity than natural clay. Reduction of density of dump of obtained filler to 15% was the mixing in masses of ceramic composition ofmetallurgical slag with lighter density of dump than yellow clay. Re-burning of incombustible slag pellets in the firing process produces an agglomerated ceramic material with a microporous structure. A feature of the research work is the availability of raw materials used in all regions of the republic. The technology for the production of artificial ceramic fillers is provided in two versions. In the first version, production of ceramic filling is carried out by mixing-free treatment of clay rocks, in the second version -by modifying mixtures, such as industrial wastes, metallurgical slag, ash of thermal centers. The production of artificial ceramic fillers is an innovative solution in the implementation of urgent tasks that reduce energy efficiency, cost, material consumption, improve the quality of finished products and the purity of the environment