The large load and poor heat dissipation of moon rock core drilling leads to the difficulty of rock breaking and low drilling and sampling efficiency. As a new auxiliary rock breaking method, laser rock breaking is expected to be applied to perturbation sampling in lunar rock drilling. Revealing the fracture characteristics and mechanism of rock under laser irradiation is an important basis for realizing laser-assisted lunar rock sampling. Basalt was used as simulated lunar rock sample, and its mechanical response characteristics under laser irradiation were analyzed from macro to micro point of view, and the failure law under different laser power and different irradiation time was explored. The results show that the failure of the sample under laser irradiation is mainly characterized by local rock melting and dynamic crack propagation, and the surface temperature of the sample follows the characteristics of Gaussian distribution. The laser power has a greater influence on the degree of rock weakening than the irradiation time. Laser irradiation of rocks can significantly reduce rock strength, and has obvious effects on improving rock breaking efficiency and reducing in situ disturbance. It is expected to provide theoretical and technical support for assisting lunar rock drilling and sampling in the future.

It is difficult to adapt traditional screw motors with rubber stators to the high-temperature and high-pressure conditions in ultra-deep wells, where rubber stators age, deform and carbonize, resulting in motor failure. In this study, the goal is to develop volumetric power drilling tools that can be used to drill at depths of 10,000 m. To meet this goal, an all-metal screw motor that can be applied in ultra-deep wells is designed, then its deformation and structural design are studied. Through numerical simulation, the change in clearance of the motor after expansion in high-temperature environments and the characteristics of deformation in ultra-deep well environments are analyzed. The results show that the metal screw motor has good performance and stability. The maximum deformation is less than 0.3 mm at depths of 9000~15,000 m in ultra-deep wells. The minimum design clearance should be greater than 0.2 mm to ensure that the stator and rotor remain engaged. The results of this research are expected to provide theoretical guidance for the design of all-metal screw motors for applications in ultra-deep well drilling projects to meet the demand for deep earth resource development.