The CS/ZnO–Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles synthesized by chemical ultrasound with large surface area can effectively decompose RhB and MO dyes under visible light, with degradation rates of 99.49% and 90.73%, respectively, and can be reused many times.

In this research, chitosan–magnetite composites (CS-MNPs) were successfully synthesized using a rapid and easy technique. The materials were characterized by FTIR, XRD, EDX, TEM, VSM, and BET methods. The removal of the antibiotics ciprofloxacin (CFX) and levofloxacin (LFX) from aqueous solutions by CS-MNPs adsorbent was investigated. The influencing factors in a single adsorption system were studied, including pH (1–11), initial concentration (2.5–15.0 mg/L), contact time (0–120 min), and adsorbent dosage (5–50 mg/L). The experiment data were analyzed by pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The adsorption isotherms were studied by fitting the experimental data to the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin models. The results indicated that the adsorption of CFX and LFX antibiotics was consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetics model, the Langmuir isotherm model. Binary adsorption systems (CFX: LFX) with concentration ratios of 1:0, 1:0.5, 1:1.0, 1:1.5, and 1:2.0 were also studied. The antibiotics CFX and LFX were absorbed by CS-MNPs simultaneously in the aqueous solution. The presence of the second component in the solution reduced the first component’s ability to adsorb. The adsorption process in the binary system followed the Langmuir competition model. After four regenerations, CS-MNPS exhibited stability and was well reusable. Studies on actual samples showed that CS-MNPs could effectively remove FQs from those samples, with a treatment efficiency of above 98%.

In silico docking studies of 50 selected compounds from Millettia dielsiana Harms ex Diels (family Leguminosae) were docked into the binding pocket of the PI3K/mTOR protein. In there, compounds trans−3−O-p-hydroxycinnamoyl ursolic acid (1) and 5,7,4′−trihydroxyisoflavone 7−O−β−D−apiofuranosyl−(1→6)−β−D−glucopyranoside (2) are predicted to be very promising inhibitors against PI3K/mTOR. They direct their cytotoxic activity against Hepatocellular carcinoma with binding affinity (BA) values, the pulling work spent to the co-crystallized ligand from the binding site of PI3K/mTOR (W and F_max), and the non-equilibrium binding free energy (∆G_neq^Jar) as BA values = −9.237 and −9.083 kcal/mol, W = 83.5 ± 10.6 kcal/mol with F_max = 336.2 ± 45.3 pN and 126.6 ± 21.7 kcal/mol with F_max = 430.3 ± 84.0 pN, and ∆G_neq^Jar = −69.86074 and −101.2317 kcal/mol, respectively. In molecular dynamic simulation, the RMSD value of the PI3K/mTOR complex with compounds (1 and 2) was in the range of 0.3 nm to the end of the simulation. Therefore, the compounds (1 and 2) are predicted to be very promising inhibitors against PI3K/mTOR. The crude extract, ethyl acetate fraction and compounds (1 and 2) from Millettia dielsiana exhibited moderate to potent in vitro cytotoxicity on Hepatocellular carcinoma cell line with IC₅₀ values of 81.2 µg/mL, 60.4 µg/mL, 23.1 μM, and 16.3 μM, respectively, and showed relatively potent to potent in vitro antioxidant activity on mouse hepatocytes with ED₅₀ values of 24.4 µg/mL, 19.3 µg/mL, 30.7 μM, and 20.5 μM, respectively. In conclusion, Millettia dielsiana and compounds (1 and 2) are predicted to have very promising cytotoxic activity against Hepatocellular carcinoma and have a hepatoprotective effect.

The recovery of metals from discarded mobile phones has been of interest due to its environmental and economic benefits. This work presents a simple and effective approach for leaching copper (Cu) from the printed circuit boards of discarded mobile phones by combining ultrasound and ozone approaches. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to characterize the solid phases, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was utilized to determine the concentration of metals in the liquid phases. The effects of several influential parameters, including ultrasound, ozone dose, HCl concentration, liquid/solid ratio, temperature, and reaction time on the leaching efficiency were investigated. The results showed that the optimal conditions for Cu leaching included an ozone dose of 700 mg/h, HCl concentration of 3.0 M, liquid/solid ratio of 8, and temperature of 333 K. Under optimal conditions, about 99% of Cu was leached after 180 min. The shrinking core model was used to analyze the kinetics of the Cu leaching process, and the results showed that the surface chemical reaction governs this process. The activation energy of the leaching reaction, calculated using Two-Point form of the Arrhenius equation, was 10.852 kJ mol⁻¹.

Anode passivation is a significant challenge in the electrochemical synthesis of ferrate(VI), resulting in diminished Fe(VI) production efficiency. In this study, cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and E–t polarization curves were used to evaluate the electrochemical properties and the formation of passivation layers on two anode materials, namely, pure iron (PI) and porous iron foam (PIF). Results revealed that PIF had favorable characteristics for ferrate(VI) generation, such as improved electron transfer capability and mitigated anode passivation compared with PI. Experiments also confirmed that PIF significantly outperformed PI in ferrate(VI) synthesis, achieving a synthesis efficiency of up to 63% in 14 M NaOH solution. The synthesized ferrate(VI) was subsequently applied to the treatment of the dye reactive red 24 (RR24), yielding a high removal efficiency of up to 98% at a ferrate/RR24 mass ratio of 2 g g⁻¹.

Vật liệu composite chitosan – ma nhê tit (CS-MNPs) đã được tổng hợp bằng phương pháp in-situ kết hợp đồng kết tủa. Các đặc trưng của vật liệu đã được nghiên cứu thông qua các phương pháp X-Ray, SEM, BET và VSM. Vật liệu CS-MNPs đã tổng hợp có dạng hình cầu với đường kính khoảng 20 nm, diện tích bề mặt 119,43 m²/g. Vật liệu có từ tính tốt với từ độ bão hòa là 36,5 emu/g. Khả năng loại bỏ thuốc nhuộm rhodamin B (RhB) đã được nghiên cứu thông qua nghiên cứu ảnh hưởng của các tham số hấp phụ: pH dung dịch, thời gian hấp phụ, nồng độ ban đầu của RhB và nhiệt độ hấp phụ. Động học quá trình hấp phụ RhB trên CS-MNPs tuân theo mô hình giả động học bậc 2. Quá trình hấp phụ phù hợp theo mô hình hấp phụ Langmuir và Freundlich. Dung lượng hấp phụ cực đại giảm từ 271,79 đến 148,41 mg/g khi nhiệt độ tăng từ 293 đến 313K. Quá trình hấp phụ là quá trình tự xảy ra, diễn ra tự nhiên và thu nhiệt.