The mechanisms of formation of induced intrinsic and impurity radiative states, which consist of intrinsic and impurity electron–hole-trapping center states in irradiated ${Ca}_2{P}_2{O}_7-Mn$ and ${Ca}_2{P}_2{O}_7$ phosphates, were investigated using thermoactivation and vacuum-ultraviolet spectroscopy methods. These centers are excited at photon energies of 4.0 eV and 4.5 eV, which are within the matrix’s transparency region. New radiative-induced states at 3.06 eV and 2.92 eV are demonstrated to be generated upon the excitation of anions by photons with energies of 5.0 and 5.64 eV. This process is due to charge transfer from the ion to the impurities, specifically ${Mn}^{2+}(O^{2-}-{Mn}^{2+})$ and the neighboring ion $O_{ }^{2-}-(P_2{O}_7{)}^{4-}$. Furthermore, upon the excitation of matrix anions with photon energies exceeding the band gap (8.0–8.25 eV), electron-trapping by impurities such as ${Mn}^{2+}$ and $(P_2{O}_7{)}^{4-}$ ions results.

The mechanisms of formation of induced intrinsic and impurity radiative states, which consist of intrinsic and impurity electron-hole trapping centers in irradiated Ca2P2O7-Mn and Ca2P2O7 phosphates, were investigated using thermoactivation and vacuum-ultraviolet spectroscopy methods. These centers are excited at photon energies of 4.0 eV and 4.5 eV, which are within the matrix's transparency region. New radiative induced states at 3.06 eV and 2.92 eV are demonstrated to be generated upon the excitation of anions by photons with energies of 5.0 and 5.64 eV. This process is due to charge transfer from the ion to the impurities, specifically Mn^2+ O^2- Mn^2+ and the neighboring ion O^2- (P2O7)^4-. Furthermore, upon the excitation of matrix anions with photon energies exceeding the band gap (8.0 - 8.25 eV), electron trapping by impurities such as Mn^2+ and (P2O7)^4- ions results.

This study of the BaSO₄-Bi phosphor has revealed that the accumulated energy after external optical excitation exhibits specific characteristics. During irradiation with photon energy exceeding the bandgap, in addition to the intrinsic ultraviolet emission of the Bi³⁺ ion, several recombination emissions and emission from the Bi²⁺ ion are observed. At 80 K, the recombination luminescence states and Bi²⁺ ion emission form combined electronic states. Upon heating of the BaSO₄-Bi phosphor, these combined electronic states decay into recombination emissions at 2.34 eV, 2.4 eV, 3.1 eV, and 2.7 eV, as well as Bi²⁺ ion emission at 1.97 eV. It is assumed that the 2.34 eV, 2.4 eV, and 3.1 eV emissions are associated with the recombination of electrons released from ionized ${SO}_4^{3-}$ electron trapping centers with nonequivalently localized holes in the host lattice. The 2.7 eV emission is attributed to the decay of an exciton formed by electron–hole recombination near a Bi³⁺ ion.

The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a professional-oriented education approach to traditional teaching methods among high school secondary students in Kazakhstan in aligning students to their suitable career education track. The study utilised a mechanics physics course to assess both approaches and involved two groups of students over 26 months - a control group (n=58) and an experimental group (n=57). Quantitative data was collected through a Mechanics Physics Test administered before and after the teaching and learning class. In Kazakhstan, students will be aligned directly with either secondary vocational education, the initial vocational education track, or the general education track, which relies on the final performance of their secondary school. The findings indicated that both teaching methods improved the student's performance, but the experimental group exhibited a significantly higher level of improvement than the control group. This study shows that a professional-oriented education approach can clearly align students with their interests and strengths and help them pursue their desired careers confidently. This approach enables students to make informed decisions about their future studies and career paths, reducing costs and saving time for schools and governments—implications and, to a further extent, the study is also discussed.