Background: Radiotherapy can affect healthy cells, resulting in side effects. This study aimed to assess the impact of radiotherapy on soft tissue in surgical wounds in rats. Methods: The animals were divided into four groups: control (S) group without irradiation, immediate irradiation (S-IIr) group receiving irradiation right after surgery, late irradiation (S-LIr) group receiving irradiation four weeks after surgery, and early irradiation (Ir-S) group receiving irradiation before surgery. The irradiated groups underwent two fractional stages of 15 Gy. Muscle contractibility (EMG) was evaluated at two different time points, and after 2 and 7 weeks, the animals were euthanized for histological analysis of the muscles and skin. Results: There was no significant difference between the EMG1 and EMG2 values of the S and S-LIr groups, but both S-IIr and Ir-S groups exhibited a statistically significant difference. The S group demonstrated a larger diameter of muscle fiber compared to other groups, showing a significant difference. In terms of skin analysis, the S-IIr group had the least inflammatory infiltrate and the highest amount of red fibers, differing significantly from the other groups. Conclusions: Regardless of the duration, radiotherapy was found to have effects on the surrounding soft tissues, as concluded by this study.

Purpose: The objective of this randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the postoperative period of 32 third molars, semi-included or included, in a split mouth, of patients from the São Paulo State University. Material and Methods: The teeth were divided into two groups, in the test group drug treatment with Amoxicillin 500 mg, Dexamethasone 4 mg and Dipyrone 500 mg and in the control group patients received treatment with Dexamethasone 4 mg and Dipyrone 500 mg. The parameters used were edema, trismus and pain, measured before and after the operation, where the benefits of antibiotic therapy were evaluated. To compare the data, an analog pain scale was used, the method of Ustün, and the millimeter ruler, being submitted to Student's T test. Results: Both test and control groups had similar values, with no statistically significant difference in the incidence of postoperative complications, as well as in the presence of edema, pain and more pronounced trismus between the groups analyzed in the study. Conclusions: In view of the statistical results obtained, it was not possible to state that the use of antibiotic therapy was beneficial when related to edema, trismus and pain.

Larvae of the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella have become an increasingly important in vivo model for biomedical research, providing a practical, ethical, and biologically relevant alternative to vertebrate organisms. Its suitability as a model system lies in its low maintenance cost, ease of handling, and ability to survive at both ambient and mammalian body temperatures. Most importantly, G. mellonella exhibits an innate immune system with functional and structural parallels to that of mammals, allowing meaningful insights into infection dynamics and immune responses. This review summarizes the biological and immunological foundations that underpin the use of G. mellonella in experimental research and examines its expanding range of applications. The model has been successfully employed to study microbial pathogenicity, antimicrobial efficacy, host–pathogen interactions, and toxicological responses. In recent years, its use has extended to emerging fields such as nanomedicine, immunomodulation, and environmental biotechnology, reflecting its growing translational value. The adoption of G. mellonella also aligns with current ethical principles in science, particularly the 3Rs framework (replacement, refinement, and reduction), by minimizing the use of vertebrate animals while maintaining robust experimental outcomes. However, certain challenges persist, including the lack of adaptive immunity and the need for methodological standardization to enhance data reproducibility and comparability across laboratories. Collectively, the growing body of evidence supports G. mellonella as a reliable and versatile experimental model that bridges the gap between invertebrate and mammalian systems. Continued methodological refinement and integration with molecular and omics approaches are expected to further consolidate its role in translational and preclinical research. © 2026 The Author(s). Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.